Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils

Quideau, Sylvie A.; McIntosh, Anne C.S.; Norris, Charlotte E.; Lloret, Emily; Swallow, Mathew J.B.; Hannam, Kirsten D.

doi:10.3791/54360

Cited by 77 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Microorganisms produce varieties of PLFAs, which act as microbial biomarker. The PLFAs extracted from soils through analysis can provide an information about the overall microbial community structure of terrestrial ecosystem (Quideau et al, ). In general, nitrogen application decreases soil microbial biomass (Wei et al, ), but in our present study, N addition (medium and high N rates) significantly increased total PLFA content, total bacterial, actinomycetes, gram‐negative, gram‐positive, total fungi, AM fungi, saprophytes, protozoa and undifferentiated PLFAs biomass concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbial community structure and enzymatic activity responses to nitrogen management and landscape positions in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

et al. 2019

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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is usually grown on marginal land for biofuel system, in which nitrogen (N) is an essential management practice, and landscape position is a key topographical factor in impacting the production. However, limited information is available regarding how the N application and landscape positions affect soil microbial communities and enzyme activities under switchgrass. Thus, the specific objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of N rate (high, 112 kg N/ha; medium, 56 kg N/ha; and low, 0 kg N/ha) and landscape positions (shoulder and footslope) on soil biological health under switchgrass field. Data showed that N addition significantly influenced carbon and N fractions. The hot water‐soluble organic carbon (HWC) and nitrogen (HWN) fractions were significantly higher at footslope position than the shoulder position. The amount of total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), total bacterial, actinomycetes, gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, total fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and saprophytes PLFAs were highest with medium and high N rates and footslope position. The N addition increased total PLFAs in N fertilizer treatments, viz. medium (5,946 ng PLFA‐C/g soil) and high N rates (5,871 ng PLFA‐C/g soil). Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities (urease, β‐glucosidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase) were significantly enhanced by N fertilization (medium and high N rates) compared to control (low N rates) under footslope position. The urease activity under medium (36.3 µmol N‐NH4+ g−1 soil hr−1) and high N rates (31.4 µmol N‐NH4+ g−1 soil hr−1) was 42.9% and 23.6% higher than low N rates, respectively. This study suggests that the application of medium N rate in footslope position to switchgrass can enhance the soil biological properties and hence can protect the environment from the excessive use of N fertilizer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbial community structure and enzymatic activity responses to nitrogen management and landscape positions in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

et al. 2019

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“…The higher F to B ratio in EL-FAME than PLFA in this study supported this explanation. PLFA 18:3ω6c was used as zygomycetes (Van der Westhuizen, Kock, Botha, & Botes, 1994) but is also a common plant biomarker (Millar, Smith, & Kunst, 2000;Ruess et al, 2007), and typically is not found in bacteria (Quideau et al, 2016;Ruess et al, 2010). It is unclear whether this FAME was exclusively extracted in EL-FAME because it potentially is an important storage (neutral) lipid for fungi or whether it was extracted from plant sources.…”

Section: Plfa and El-fame Provided Similar Microbial Community Composmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison between fatty acid methyl ester profiling methods (PLFA and EL‐FAME) as soil health indicators

Cano

Acosta-Martínez

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling for characterizing microbial community composition typically is conducted via phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) or ester‐linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL‐FAME) methods. As soil health assessments aim to be utilized across the nation and globe, the robust measurement and interpretation of microbial communities across a range of soils and environments will be necessary. This study compared PLFA and EL‐FAME methods for detecting and interpreting profiles of microbial community composition in croplands across a wide geographic area using a total of 172 soil samples from 14 states representing a wide range of soil properties. Overall, PLFA and EL‐FAME provided comparable biomarkers in terms of microbial community composition. The Spearman's Rank correlation test showed positive correlations (r = 0.37–0.71) between PLFA and EL‐FAME methods for absolute abundance of total FAME and individual microbial groups including fungi (saprophytic fungi [SF], arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF], and general fungi [F]) and all bacterial groups (Gram positive [GMP], Gram negative [GMN], and Actinobacteria). In both methods, a common set of fatty acids were influential in differentiating samples. The main differences in biomarker abundances between the two methods were that fungal and Actinobacteria biomarkers (e.g., 16:1ω5c [AMF], 18:1ω9c [F], 18:3ω6c [F], and 10Me16:0 [Actinobacteria]) were more abundant or critical in EL‐FAME profiling (large variation among soil samples and sensitive to soil properties), but bacterial biomarkers such as i15:0 (GMP), 16:1ω7c (GMN), 18:1ω7c (GMN), and cy19:0ω7c (GMN) were more dominant and responsive to soil properties in PLFA profiling. The practical advantages of EL‐FAME are lower cost and simpler methodology. Although both methods produced similar microbial profile abundances for important microbial markers, PLFA was more sensitive to the wide range of soil chemical properties in this sample set including pH, clay content, soil organic matter, and active carbon.

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“…Individual peaks were identified and quantified (nmol g −1 ) using the MIDI peak identification software (MIDI, Inc., Newark, DE, USA). The PLFAs containing 14-20 carbon atoms were representative of the soil microbial community (Quideau et al 2016). They were summed and used as an index of microbial biomass carbon (MBC).…”

Section: Microbial Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic matter dynamics in long-term temperate agroecosystems: rotation and nutrient addition effects

Hernandez‐Ramirez

Kiani

et al. 2018

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) is a major driver of key agroecosystem functions. Our objective was to examine the dynamics of organic matter in whole soil, particulate (POM; >53 μm size), and mineral-associated (MAOM) fractions under varying crop rotations and nutrient managements at two long-term experimental sites (Breton and Lethbridge). Soil samples were collected from simple (2 yr) and complex (5 or 6 yr) crop rotations at the 5-10 cm depth. We found associations between SOM pools versus microbial community and soil aggregation. Compared to cropped soils, an adjacent forest exhibited a significantly higher soil total organic carbon (TOC) and a shift in SOM fractions with substantially higher POM. However, the forest soil had the lowest microbial biomass C among all the assessed land use systems (P < 0.05), suggesting that other factors than the amount of labile SOM (i.e., POM-C) were controlling the microbial community. When contrasted to simple 2 yr rotations, the complex rotations including perennials and legumes significantly raised TOC and soil total nitrogen as well as the stable SOM fraction (i.e., MAOM-C and -N) consistently for both Breton and Lethbridge sites. Our findings highlight that varying land managements have profound feedbacks on soil quality as mediated by alterations in long-term SOM dynamics.Résumé : La matière organique (MO) joue un rôle important dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes agricoles. Les auteurs voulaient approfondir la dynamique de la MO dans le sol entier, dans les particules de matière organique (PMO; granulométrie > 53 μm) et dans les minéraux associés à la matière organique (MAMO) en fonction du régime d'assolement et de gestion des éléments nutritifs à deux sites expérimentaux à long terme (Breton et Lethbridge). Pour cela, ils ont échantillonné le sol des assolements simples (2 ans) et complexes (5 ou 6 ans) à une profondeur de 5 à 10 cm. Le réservoir de MO présente des liens avec la microflore tellurique et les agrégats. Comparativement aux sols cultivés, le sol d'une forêt contigüe s'est avéré sensiblement plus riche en carbone organique total (COT), et la MO comprenait sensiblement plus de particules. Cependant, le sol forestier présentait la plus faible biomasse microbienne parmi les sols examinés (P < 0,05), signe que d'autres facteurs que la concentration de MO labile (à savoir, le C-PMO) régissent la microflore. Comparativement aux assolements simples de deux ans, les assolements complexes incluant des vivaces et des légumineuses accroissent sensiblement le COT et l'azote total du sol, de même que la fraction de MO stable (à savoir, C-MAMO et N-MAMO), tant aux sites de Breton qu'à ceux de Lethbridge. Ces constatations soulignent que les différents régimes de gestion du sol ont des répercussions appréciables sur la qualité du sol, consécutivement à une modification de la dynamique à long terme de la MO. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : écosystème agricole, biomasse microbienne, matière organique du sol, agrégation, qualité du sol.

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Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils

Cited by 77 publications

References 34 publications

Soil microbial community structure and enzymatic activity responses to nitrogen management and landscape positions in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

Soil microbial community structure and enzymatic activity responses to nitrogen management and landscape positions in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

A comparison between fatty acid methyl ester profiling methods (PLFA and EL‐FAME) as soil health indicators

Soil organic matter dynamics in long-term temperate agroecosystems: rotation and nutrient addition effects

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