Extraction and Analysis of Methadone in Exhaled Breath Condensate Using a Validated LC-UV Method

Abstract

-Purpose. A combined microextraction and separation method is presented for the determination of methadone in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) which is a promising non-invasive biological component for monitoring drug concentrations. Methods. In this work, dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (DLLME) and ultrasonic liquid-liquid microextraction (ULLME) procedure coupled with a validated liquid chromatography method were used for analysis of methadone in EBC collected using an in-house cold trap setup. The method has been validated according to the FDA guidelines using EBC-spiked samples and tested on a number of EBC samples collected from patients. Results. The best DLLME conditions involved the use of a disperser solvent of methanol (1 mL), extraction solvent of chloroform (200 L), EBC sample pH of 10.0 and centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 5 minutes. The conditions for ULLME were 150 L of chloroform and the samples were sonicated for 4 minutes. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.5-10 g/L -1 in EBC. Inter-and intra-day precision and accuracy were less than 5 % where the acceptable levels are less than 20%. Furthermore, the validated method was successfully applied for the determination of methadone in patients' EBC samples. Conclusions. The outcomes indicate that the developed LC-UV combined with DLLME and/or ULLME extraction methods can be employed for the extraction and separation of methadone in EBC samples.

Development and Validation of Ultrasound Assisted and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextractions Combined with HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Bosentan in Human Plasma and Urine

“…DLLME and USAEME not only reduce consumption of organic solvent, but also reduce equilibration time because of the increased contact area between two immiscible phases. Recently, some DLLME-based methods combined with spectrofluorimetry, 26 high performance liquid chromatographic-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), 27 capillary electrophoretic-ultraviolet (CE-UV) 28,29 have been reported for determination of drugs in human plasma and urine samples. In a previous work, the applicability of the DLLME method as an efficient microextraction technique for bioanalysis was proposed and its results were compared with those of USAEME.…”

Influence of Dosage on Retention in Patients Methadone Maintenance Therapy Program for Maintenance Phase of H. Adam Malik Medan Central General Hospital

“…Research conducted by Khoubnasabjafari et al monitoring drug concentrations dengan extraction and analysis of methadone in exhaled breath condensate using a validated liquid chromatography ultraviolet method [27]. From the study, it was found that the percentage of other substance use in patients of the largest MMT program was benzodiazepine group medicine as many as 25 patients (64.1%), can be seen in Table 2.…”

Exhaled Breath Condensate as an Alternative Sample for Drug Monitoring

“…For example, Göen et al used a clean-up and preconcentration step for 3-nitrotyrosine measurement in EBC using a C 18 cartridge, before LC-MS/MS analysis [4]. In addition, Khoubnasabjafari et al used two sample preconcentration/preparation procedures (i.e., dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ultrasonic liquid-liquid microextraction) before HPLC-UV analysis for determination of methadone in the EBC samples [5]. Karyakina et al reported a flow-injection analysis electrochemical system coupled with an ion-exchange preconcentration column (filled with Strata SAX sorbent-silica gel with quaternary ammonium substituents, Phenomenex, CA, USA) for the lactate sensing in EBC of patients with lung diseases [6].…”