Extracting inter-particle forces in opaque granular materials: Beyond photoelasticity

Hurley, Ryan; Marteau, E.; Ravichandran, G.; Andrade, José E.

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2013.09.013

Cited by 84 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…See Supplemental Material [18] and Refs. [4,14] for details on these objective functions and the optimization procedure. The multiobjective optimization problem was solved in Matlab® using the CVX toolbox [19].…”

Section: (D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments to extract interparticle forces-required for validating, augmenting, and calibrating simulations-have been restricted to idealized particles. For instance, a large number of experiments have examined force transmission through two-dimensional (2D) photoelastic [1][2][3] and rubber disks [4]. Recent work has employed x-ray microtomography and refractive index tomography to study interparticle forces in frictionless three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels and rubber spheres [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We leverage recent advances in 3D x-ray diffraction (3DXRD) and tomography [9,12] to measure the in situ evolution of tensor grain strains as well as the 3D structure of 77 quartz grains during a confined uniaxial compression cycle. We solve an inverse problem [4,13,14] to determine interparticle force vectors that best match these measurements. The statistics and heterogeneity of the resulting forces are compared with past work and a surprising inverse relationship is found between force heterogeneity and macroscopic load.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Quantifying Interparticle Forces and Heterogeneity in 3D Granular Materials

et al. 2016

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Interparticle forces in granular materials are intimately linked to mechanical properties and are known to self-organize into heterogeneous structures, or force chains, under external load. Despite progress in understanding the statistics and spatial distribution of interparticle forces in recent decades, a systematic method for measuring forces in opaque, three-dimensional (3D), frictional, stiff granular media has yet to emerge. In this Letter, we present results from an experiment that combines 3D x-ray diffraction, x-ray tomography, and a numerical force inference technique to quantify interparticle forces and their heterogeneity in an assembly of quartz grains undergoing a one-dimensional compression cycle. Forces exhibit an exponential decay above the mean and partition into strong and weak networks. We find a surprising inverse relationship between macroscopic load and the heterogeneity of interparticle forces, despite the clear emergence of two force chains that span the system.

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Section: (D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying Interparticle Forces and Heterogeneity in 3D Granular Materials

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“…where a (2) and a (3) are dimensionless coefficients to be determined. We recognize that, in general, other three-body and higher-order terms may be necessary, but for the purposes of this Rapid Communication it will be enough to determine our effective forces in the present approximation as…”

Section: B Binary and Ternary Effective Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental determination of the interparticle forces in amorphous glassy systems is a nontrivial challenge that has motivated a great deal of effort both in athermal granular systems [1][2][3] and in thermal systems such as colloids [4][5][6][7][8]. The aim of this Rapid Communication is to introduce a method to determine the emergent force laws of the effective interactions between particles in thermal amorphous systems, especially in systems where direct measurements are either very difficult or even impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent interparticle interactions in thermal amorphous solids

et al. 2016

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Emergent interparticle interactions in thermal amorphous solidsGendelman, O.; Lerner, E.; Pollack, Y.G.; Procaccia, I.; Rainone, C.; Riechers, B. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Amorphous media at finite temperatures, be them liquids, colloids, or glasses, are made of interacting particles that move chaotically due to thermal energy, continuously colliding and scattering off each other. When the average configuration in these systems relaxes only at long times, one can introduce effective interactions that keep the mean positions in mechanical equilibrium. We introduce a framework to determine the effective force laws that define an effective Hessian that can be employed to discuss stability properties and the density of states of the amorphous system. We exemplify the approach with a thermal glass of hard spheres; these experience zero forces when not in contact and infinite forces when they touch. Close to jamming we recapture the effective interactions that at temperature T depend on the gap h between spheres as T /h [C. Brito and M. Wyart, Europhys. Lett. 76, 149 (2006)]. For hard spheres at lower densities or for systems whose binary bare interactions are longer ranged (at any density), the emergent force laws include ternary, quaternary, and generally higher-order many-body terms, leading to a temperature-dependent effective Hessian.

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Revisiting the existence of an effective stress for wet granular soils with micromechanics

Duriez

Wan

Pouragha

et al. 2018

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Summary A possible effective stress variable for wet granular materials is numerically investigated based on an adapted discrete element method (DEM) model for an ideal three‐phase system. The DEM simulations consider granular materials made of nearly monodisperse spherical particles, in the pendular regime with the pore fluid mixture consisting of distinct water menisci bridging particle pairs. The contact force‐related stress contribution to the total stresses is isolated and tested as the effective stress candidate for dense or loose systems. It is first recalled that this contact stress tensor is indeed an adequate effective stress that describes stress limit states of wet samples with the same Mohr‐Coulomb criterion associated with their dry counterparts. As for constitutive relationships, it is demonstrated that the contact stress tensor used in conjunction with dry constitutive relations does describe the strains of wet samples during an initial strain regime but not beyond. Outside this so‐called quasi‐static strain regime, whose extent is much greater for dense than loose materials, dramatic changes in the contact network prevent macroscale contact stress‐strain relationships to apply in the same manner to dry and unsaturated conditions. The presented numerical results also reveal unexpected constitutive bifurcations for the loose material, related to stick‐slip macrobehavior.

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Extracting inter-particle forces in opaque granular materials: Beyond photoelasticity

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

Quantifying Interparticle Forces and Heterogeneity in 3D Granular Materials

Quantifying Interparticle Forces and Heterogeneity in 3D Granular Materials

Emergent interparticle interactions in thermal amorphous solids

Revisiting the existence of an effective stress for wet granular soils with micromechanics

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