Extrachromosomal circular copies of the eukaryotic transposable element copia in cultured Drosophila cells

Flavell, Andrew J.; Ish‐Horowicz, David

doi:10.1038/292591a0

Cited by 186 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although the mechanism by which 297 is correctly inserted into a specific sequence re- mains to be solved, the mechanism may be related to the absence from 297 of the terminal dinucleotides (5' T-G. . C-A 3') commonly found in other analogous elements, all of which are inserted into chromosomal sites with no obvious sequence specificity (6)(7)(8)(9). In this connection, it is noteworthy that there is a dyad symmetry at the center of T-A-T-A-T-A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…These elements are transcribable, and several percent of the total poly A-tailed mRNA in the embryo is attributable to their transcripts (1). Furthermore, recent observations have revealed that some important structural features of copia-like elements are shared with integrated retrovirus proviruses in vertebrates, and both copia-like elements and retrovirus proviruses are inserted into many different chromosomal loci without obvious sequence specificity (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Some functional similarities between copia-like movable genetic elements and retrovirus proviruses have also been suggested (11)(12)(13)(14) and it has been speculated that these sequences are related evolutionarily to each other (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Insertion of a movable genetic element, 297, into the T-A-T-A box for the H3 histone gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Ikenaga¹,

Saigo²

1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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From a cloned library of Drosophila DNA, a recombinant phage was isolated which contained a nucleotide sequence homologous to both the histone gene and a movable genetic element, 297 [Saigo, K., Millstein, L. & Thomas, C.A., Jr. (1981) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 45, 815-827]. We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the termini of 297 as well as its insertion site in the histone gene in the clone. Our results strongly suggest that (i) although 297 ends with typical long terminal repeats, integrated 297 is not bounded by 5' T-G...C-A 3', dinucleotides commonly found at the very ends of integrated forms of other similar genetic elements, and (ii) the insertion of 297 occurred exactly within the T-A-T-A box for the H3 histone gene containing T-A-T-A-T-A. The structures of the insertion sites of 297 were also examined by using two other recombinant clones of the histone gene. A 6-base-pair-long segment, T-A-T-A-T-A, was again found to be present at the insertion sites of 297 in both clones. Based on these results, it was concluded that, at least within the histone gene cluster, the insertion of 297 was carried out in a site-specific fashion with T-A-T-A-T-A as the target sequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertion of a movable genetic element, 297, into the T-A-T-A box for the H3 histone gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Ikenaga¹,

Saigo²

1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Although, single LTR plasmids are thought to be abortive, it is unclear whether dLTR are abortive or direct intermediates of copia transposition (Flavell and Ishorowicz, 1981;Flavell, 1984). According to the copia sequence reported by Csink and Mcdonald (1995), We designed primers to amplify the junction between the 5 0 and 3 0 LTRs of the copia dLTR plasmids (Supplementary Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the process of transposition, copia is believed to produce dLTR plasmid products that may be direct intermediates of retrotransposition (Flavell and Ishorowicz, 1981). To test the parental strains 2b and Ore for the presence of dLTR copia plasmid, we amplified the junction between the dLTRs.…”

Section: Copia Plasmid In Parental Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation of copia suppression in Drosophila melanogaster

Nuzhdin

2010

Heredity

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Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that propagate by exploiting its host reproductive machinery. However, some hosts have evolved the ability to silence TE activity, whereas others have not. We are investigating the population dynamics of TE host-silencing pathways, particularly copia long terminal repeat retrotransposon in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we identify large effect genes involved in copia suppression by using a semi-quantitative analysis to assay levels of copia plasmids (believed to be an intermediate of transposition) in 98 recombinant inbred lines constructed from a line exhibiting high copia transpositions and a line exhibiting no transpositions. The results revealed that the influence of copia copy number and transcription level on copia plasmid concentrations are weak and that genomic factors, presumably encoded by the host, have stronger effects on transposition rates. We mapped a QTL affecting copia plasmid concentration within the 33A-43E cytological region of the second chromosome and applied a quantitative deficiency complementation analysis on this chromosomal region. One out of the two large effect deficiencies on copia plasmid concentrations corresponded to the vasa gene, an important component of the nuage-piwi RNA TE-silencing machinery. We hypothesize that copia suppression occurs by the joint action of several posttranscriptional mechanisms with at least one of the blocks taking place in the nuage.

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“…The nature of this association remains obscure. But features of the breeding properties of dysgenesis suggest affinities with some known types of.chromosomally insertable elements such as eukaryotic RNA and DNA tumour viruses (Watson 1976;Stanier et al 1977;Berns and Hauswirth 1979) and the copia-like elements of D. melanogaster (Potter et al 1979;Ilyin et al 1980; Flavell and Ish-Horowicz 1981). It has been suggested (Engels 1979a) that dysgenesis is akin to the zygotic induction of phage A in E. coli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Analysis of Hybrid Dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

Colgan¹,

Ja²

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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A systematic survey of the sterility of second-generation females produced by backcrossing hybrids of dysgenically interacting strains of D. melanogaster is reported. The effects of Fl rearing temperature and chromosomal constitution on this sterility were explicable in terms of the regulation of a transposable, inserted genetic element called the P factor which is known to be associated with hybrid dysgenesis. No applied radiation or chemical treatment induced dysgenic aberrations where they would not normally be found but, where they were found, EDT A slightly increased and ultraviolet radiation reduced their intensity. The results of previous temperature-shift experiments have implicated different periods during development as having the most effect on female'fertility. The present studies show little effect of interstrain variation on this critical period. Critical periods are identified for male sterility and recombination. Transmission ratio distortion has been shown to occur only in one of the reciprocal-cross hybrids (M x P) of parental strains causing dysgenesis. The degree of distortion in such crosses is shown here to vary between M strains crossed to the same P strain. Few data are available for the second (P x M) cross. The data reported here confirm that whatever distortion occurs in this cross is slight.

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Extrachromosomal circular copies of the eukaryotic transposable element copia in cultured Drosophila cells

Cited by 186 publications

References 35 publications

Insertion of a movable genetic element, 297, into the T-A-T-A box for the H3 histone gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Insertion of a movable genetic element, 297, into the T-A-T-A box for the H3 histone gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetic variation of copia suppression in Drosophila melanogaster

Further Analysis of Hybrid Dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

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