Insertion of a movable genetic element, 297, into the T-A-T-A box for the H3 histone gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Ikenaga, Hiroshi; Saigo, Kaoru

doi:10.1073/pnas.79.13.4143

Cited by 73 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It will be interesting to see whether other Ty1-copia group retrotransposons follow the consensus shown in Figure 2. No comparable consensus has yet been reported for the Ty1-copia group retrotransposons of other plants or kingdoms (Le et al 2000;Kaminker et al 2002), although TSD preferences are well known for Ty3-gypsy group retrotransposons of Drosophila and plants (Ikenaga and Saigo 1982;Jiang et al 2002b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertional Polymorphism and Antiquity ofPDR1Retrotransposon Insertions in Pisum Species

et al. 2005

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Sequences flanking 73 insertions of the retrotransposon PDR1 have been characterized, together with an additional 270 flanking regions from one side alone, from a diverse collection of Pisum germ plasm. Most of the identified flanking sequences are repetitious DNAs but more than expected (7%) lie within nuclear gene protein-coding regions. The approximate age of 52 of the PDR1 insertions has been determined by measuring sequence divergence among LTR pairs. These data show that PDR1 transpositions occurred within the last 5 MY, with a peak at 1-2.5 MYA. The insertional polymorphism of 68 insertions has been assessed across 47 selected Pisum accessions, representing the diversity of the genus. None of the insertions are fixed, showing that PDR1 insertions can persist in a polymorphic state for millions of years in Pisum. The insertional polymorphism data have been compared with the age estimations to ask what rules control the proliferation of PDR1 insertions in Pisum. Relatively recent insertions (, 1.5MYA) tend to be found in small subsets of the Pisum accessions set, ''middle-aged'' insertions (between 1.5 and 2.5 MYA) vary greatly in their occurrence, and older insertions (. 2.5 MYA) are mostly found in small subsets of Pisum. Finally, the average age estimate for PDR1 insertions, together with an existing data set for PDR1 retrotransposon SSAP markers, has been used to derive an estimate of the effective population size for Pisum of 7.5 3 10 5 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertional Polymorphism and Antiquity ofPDR1Retrotransposon Insertions in Pisum Species

et al. 2005

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“…melanogaster (14), the Ty elements of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (13), and vertebrate retrovirus proviruses (20). In addition to the conservation in the organization of the different transcription signals between the LTRs of retroviruses and copialike elements, the latter ones also contain nucleotide sequences homologous to the tRNA primer binding site and purine-rich sequences, both necessary for the initiation of DNA synthesis in a retrovirus system (6,16,22). The organization of the protein-coding regions of these different elements nevertheless varies.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element encodes putative gene products homologous to retroviral proteins.

Marlor¹,

Parkhurst²,

Corcés³

1986

Mol. Cell. Biol.

230

175

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We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gypsy element present at the forked locus of Drosophila melanogaster in thef allele. The gypsy element shares more homology with vertebrate retroviruses than with the copia element of D. melanogaster or the Ty element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both in overall organization and at the DNA sequence level. This transposable element is 7,469 base pairs long and encodes three putative protein products. The long terminal repeats are 482 nucleotides long and contain transcription initiation and termination signals; sequences homologous to the polypurine tract and tRNA primer binding site of retroviruses are located adjacent to the long terminal repeats. The central region of the element contains three different open reading frames. The second one encodes a putative protein which shows extensive amino acid homology to retroviral proteins, indluding gag-specific protease, reverse transcriptase, and DNA endonuclease.The Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element is associated with spontaneous mutations whose phenotype can be reversed by mutations at unlinked suppressor loci (9). This element is transcribed in a temporal specific fashion, giving rise to a major 6.5 kilobase RNA which accumulates at highest levels in 2-to 3-day-old pupae (11). We recently proposed (11, 12) that the mutational activity of the gypsy element on suppressible genes is a direct consequence of the transcriptional properties of this element. The mutagenic effect of the transposable element on these loci is due to transcriptional interference on the genes located nearby.To understand the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we investigated the DNA structure, of the gypsy element.Gypsy i5 a member of a class of structurally similar transposable elements which contain long terminal repeats (LTRs) (1, 5, 9). Other members of this family are the copia-like elements ofD. melanogaster (14), the Ty elements of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (13), and vertebrate retrovirus proviruses (20). In addition to the conservation in the organization of the different transcription signals between the LTRs of retroviruses and copialike elements, the latter ones also contain nucleotide sequences homologous to the tRNA primer binding site and purine-rich sequences, both necessary for the initiation of DNA synthesis in a retrovirus system (6, 16, 22). The organization of the protein-coding regions of these different elements nevertheless varies. A typical vertebrate retrovirus consists of three genes, termed gag, pol, and env, required for viral infection and replication (see reference 20 for a review). The gag region encodes a polyprotein which is cleaved giving rise to several small proteins found in the core of the virus particle (3) and whose exact function is not yet understood. The pol gene is expressed as a gag-pol polyprotein which is the precursor of the mature form of reverse transcriptase. The N-terminal region of this protein product contains the DNA polymerase and RNase H activities of reverse transcnp...

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“…See Collins and Rubin 1982). It is also suggested that insertion of the copia elements into TATA box of the histone gene may change the rate of transcription (Ikenaga and Saigo 1982). The mutations induced by transposons in the present experiment may be different from the regulatory system located in the adjacent region of the structural genes, since the mutation rate is extrememly high.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Modifying mutations of the specific activity of alcohol dehydrogenase caused by a putative transposon in Drosophila melanogaster.

Harada

Yukuhiro

Mukai

1984

The Japanese journal of genetics

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An extremely large detrimental to lethal load ratio (D/L ratio) of homozygous viability was detected in the Osaka natural population of Drosophila melanogaster in 1979. Mutations were accumulated on 79 second chromosome lines that originated from one of the Osaka isogenic second chromosome lines. After five generations the genetic load and ADH specific activity were measured. The results suggest that a putative transposon which is tentatively called "MY factor" induced an extremely high frequency of mutations most probably in non-coding regions, and that some of these mutations modify the ADH specific activity.

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Insertion of a movable genetic element, 297, into the T-A-T-A box for the H3 histone gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Cited by 73 publications

References 25 publications

Insertional Polymorphism and Antiquity ofPDR1Retrotransposon Insertions in Pisum Species

Insertional Polymorphism and Antiquity ofPDR1Retrotransposon Insertions in Pisum Species

The Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element encodes putative gene products homologous to retroviral proteins.

Modifying mutations of the specific activity of alcohol dehydrogenase caused by a putative transposon in Drosophila melanogaster.

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