Extracellular Vesicles: Unique Intercellular Delivery Vehicles

Maas, Sybren L. N.; Breakefield, Xandra O.; Weaver, Alissa M.

doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2016.11.003

Cited by 1,127 publications

(1,030 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…EVs are efficient messengers, with superior stability and bioavailability of their signature cargoes. 31 EVs transmit from their cells of origin selected cargoes such as surface receptors, proteins (membrane, cytosolic and nuclear), RNAs (including mRNAs and non-coding RNAs) and lipids. 28 EVs deliver their cargoes to the target cells through interaction with surface receptors, internalisation or fusion.…”

Section: Lipotoxic Stress and Extrac Ellular Vesicle (Ev) Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis: sublethal hepatocyte injury as a driver of liver inflammation

Ibrahim

Hirsova

Gores

2018

Gut

212

197

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A subset of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease develop an inflammatory condition, termed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is characterised by hepatocellular injury, innate immune cell-mediated inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis. The mechanisms whereby hepatic inflammation occurs in NASH remain incompletely understood, but appear to be linked to the proinflammatory microenvironment created by toxic lipid-induced hepatocyte injury, termed lipotoxicity. In this review, we discuss the signalling pathways induced by sublethal hepatocyte lipid overload that contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH. Furthermore, we will review the role of proinflammatory, proangiogenic and profibrotic hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles as disease biomarkers and pathogenic mediators during lipotoxicity. We also review the potential therapeutic strategies to block the feed-forward loop between sublethal hepatocyte injury and liver inflammation.

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Section: Lipotoxic Stress and Extrac Ellular Vesicle (Ev) Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis: sublethal hepatocyte injury as a driver of liver inflammation

Ibrahim

Hirsova

Gores

2018

Gut

212

197

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“…71 The process of fusing, and even the entire spatiotemporal traffic of Exos, is regulated by Rab GTPase proteins 72, 73…”

Section: Biogenesis and Release Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularized Extracellular Vesicles: The Dawn of Prospective Personalized and Precision Medicine

2018

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ubiquitous nanosized membrane vesicles consisting of a lipid bilayer enclosing proteins and nucleic acids, which are active in intercellular communications. EVs are increasingly seen as a vital component of many biological functions that were once considered to require the direct participation of stem cells. Consequently, transplantation of EVs is gradually becoming considered an alternative to stem cell transplantation due to their significant advantages, including their relatively low probability of neoplastic transformation and abnormal differentiation. However, as research has progressed, it is realized that EVs derived from native‐source cells may have various shortcomings, which can be corrected by modification and optimization. To date, attempts are made to modify or improve almost all the components of EVs, including the lipid bilayer, proteins, and nucleic acids, launching a new era of modularized EV therapy through the “modular design” of EV components. One high‐yield technique, generating EV mimetic nanovesicles, will help to make industrial production of modularized EVs a reality. These modularized EVs have highly customized “modular design” components related to biological function and targeted delivery and are proposed as a promising approach to achieve personalized and precision medicine.

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“…They are known to transport messages from donor cells to recipient cells, mediating intercellular communications (1). The discovery of EVs can be dated back to 1967 when Peter Wolf identified “Platelet dust” by electron microscopy as a subcellular fraction derived from platelets (2).…”

Section: Characteristics and Biogenesis Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles as emerging targets in cancer: Recent development from bench to bedside

Xing

et al. 2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer

123

115

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players of cancer initiation and progression through cell-cell communication. They have been recognized as critical mediators of extracellular communications, which promote transformation, growth invasion, and drug-resistance of cancer cells. Interestingly, the secretion and uptake of EVs are regulated in a more controlled manner than previously anticipated. EVs are classified into three groups, (i) exosomes, (ii) microvesicles (MVs), and (iii) apoptotic bodies (ABs), based on their sizes and origins, and novel technologies to isolate and distinguish these EVs are evolving. The biologically functional molecules harbored in these EVs, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, have been shown to induce key signaling pathways in both tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells for exacerbating tumor development. While tumor cell-derived EVs are capable of reprogramming stromal cells to generate a proper tumor cell niche, stromal-derived EVs profoundly affect the growth, resistance, and stem cell properties of tumor cells. This review summarizes and discusses these reciprocal communications through EVs in different types of cancers. Further understanding of the patcment of tumor specific therapeutics. This review will also discuss the translational aspects of EVs and therapeutic opportunities of utilizing EVs in different cancer types.

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Extracellular Vesicles: Unique Intercellular Delivery Vehicles

Cited by 1,127 publications

References 140 publications

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis: sublethal hepatocyte injury as a driver of liver inflammation

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis: sublethal hepatocyte injury as a driver of liver inflammation

Modularized Extracellular Vesicles: The Dawn of Prospective Personalized and Precision Medicine

Extracellular vesicles as emerging targets in cancer: Recent development from bench to bedside

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