Extracellular vesicles in bile: a game changer in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary stenoses?

Yoon, Seung Bae; Chang, Jae Hyuck

doi:10.21037/hbsn.2017.10.01

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Exosomes, also referred to as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), are enclosed within a single outer membrane, and are secreted by all cell types and have been found in plasma, urine, semen, saliva, bronchial fluid, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), breast milk, serum, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, tears, lymph, bile, and gastric acid [18,22,23,24,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis

Doyle

Wang

2019

Cells

2,078

1,787

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The use of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, as carriers of biomarkers in extracellular spaces has been well demonstrated. Despite their promising potential, the use of exosomes in the clinical setting is restricted due to the lack of standardization in exosome isolation and analysis methods. The purpose of this review is to not only introduce the different types of extracellular vesicles but also to summarize their differences and similarities, and discuss different methods of exosome isolation and analysis currently used. A thorough understanding of the isolation and analysis methods currently being used could lead to some standardization in the field of exosomal research, allowing the use of exosomes in the clinical setting to become a reality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis

Doyle

Wang

2019

Cells

2,078

1,787

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“…Subsequently, an increasing number of molecules, including DNA, proteins, RNA and peptides, have been found to be transferred among different cells by exosomes [11]. Recently, studies found that exosomes can be secreted by nearly all types of cells and exist in all body fluids, including plasma, serum, lymph, gastric juice, urine, bile, saliva, bronchial fluid, breast milk, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), amniotic fluid, synovial fluid and semen [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Over the past few years, an increasing number of functional molecules within exosomes have been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: functions and clinical applications

et al. 2021

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Exosomes are a subpopulation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that transmit various biological molecules to promote intercellular communication. Exosomes are derived from nearly all types of cells and exist in all body fluids. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the most abundant contents in exosomes, and some ncRNAs with biological functions are specifically packaged into exosomes. Recent studies have revealed that exosome-derived ncRNAs play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of gastric cancer (GC). In addition, regulating the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs can promote or suppress GC progression. Moreover, the membrane structures of exosomes protect ncRNAs from degradation by enzymes and other chemical substances, significantly increasing the stability of exosomal ncRNAs. Specific hallmarks within exosomes that can be used for exosome identification, and specific contents can be used to determine their origin. Therefore, exosomal ncRNAs are suitable for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Regulating the biogenesis of exosomes and the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs may represent a new way to block or eradicate GC. In this review, we summarized the origins and characteristics of exosomes and analysed the association between exosomal ncRNAs and GC development.

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“…Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer nanovesicles, measuring 30-150nm in diameter that contain a range of molecules, including proteins, lipids, and different types of nucleic acid. Various cell types secrete them, including cancerous cells [34,35] and they are present in many biological fluids [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Endocytic vesicle invagination on the plasma membrane to form an early endosome represents the initiation step of exosomal biogenesis (Figure 1).…”

Section: Exosome Biogenesis and Function In Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

Baassiri

Nassar

Mukherji

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, especially in those that are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The current screening blood-based markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), have low sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, other modalities are either expensive or invasive. Therefore, recent research has shifted towards a minimally invasive test, namely, liquid biopsy. Exosomes are favorable molecules sought in blood samples, since they are abundant, stable in circulation, and harbor genetic information and other biomolecules that could serve as biomarkers or even therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomal noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, have demonstrated the diagnostic potential to detect CRC at an early stage with a higher sensitivity and specificity than CEA and CA19-9 alone. Moreover, they have prognostic potential that is TNM stage specific and could serve as predictive biomarkers for the most common chemotherapeutic drug and combination regimen in CRC, which are 5-FU and FOLFOX, respectively. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of these exosomal noncoding RNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. In addition, we discuss the advantages and challenges of exosomes as a liquid biopsy target.

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Extracellular vesicles in bile: a game changer in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary stenoses?

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis

Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis

Exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: functions and clinical applications

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

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