Extracellular vesicles from symbiotic vaginal lactobacilli inhibit HIV-1 infection of human tissues

Palomino, Rogers Alberto Ñahui; Vanpouille, Christophe; Laghi, Luca; Parolin, Carola; Melikov, Kamran; Backlund, Peter S.; Vitali, Beatrice; Margolis, Leonid

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13468-9

Cited by 85 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Specifically, our data demonstrated that vaginal fluid exosomes inhibited HIV by restricting post-entry steps, including reverse transcription and integration [78]. Other studies also reported that EVs derived from vaginal Lactobacillus protect against HIV transmission by blocking its entry into targeted cells [77]. Various studies have suggested that milk exosomes have a strong inhibitory effect against HIV.…”

Section: Semen Vaginal Fluids Breast Milk and Other Biological Fluidssupporting

confidence: 60%

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Shedding Light on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection and Wound Healing

Alqatawni

Sharma

Attilus

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication. They are naturally released from cells into the extracellular environment. Based on their biogenesis, release pathways, size, content, and function, EVs are classified into exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs). Previous research has documented that EVs, specifically exosomes and MVs, play an important role in HIV infection, either by promoting HIV infection and pathogenesis or by inhibiting HIV-1 to a certain extent. We have also previously reported that EVs (particularly exosomes) from vaginal fluids inhibit HIV at the post-entry step (i.e., reverse transcription, integration). Besides the role that EVs play in HIV, they are also known to regulate the process of wound healing by regulating both the immune and inflammatory responses. It is noted that during the advanced stages of HIV infection, patients are at greater risk of wound-healing and wound-related complications. Despite ongoing research, the data on the actual effects of EVs in HIV infection and wound healing are still premature. This review aimed to update the current knowledge about the roles of EVs in regulating HIV pathogenesis and wound healing. Additionally, we highlighted several avenues of EV involvement in the process of wound healing, including coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Understanding the role of EVs in HIV infection and wound healing could significantly contribute to the development of new and potent antiviral therapeutic strategies and approaches to resolve impaired wounds in HIV patients.

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Section: Semen Vaginal Fluids Breast Milk and Other Biological Fluidssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Most exosomes released by infected cells have stimulatory effects on HIV-1 infection; however, a certain population of exosomes has an inhibitory effect on the HIV life cycle, including transcription [30,49,77,78]. They may confer antiviral activity during infection.…”

Section: Blood/serum/plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection and Wound Healing

Alqatawni

Sharma

Attilus

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…In a similar study, L. casei 393 (1 × 10 4 cells/mL) was able to inhibit HIV-1 pseudoviruses (AD8, DH12, and LA1), ranged from 60 to 70% after 30 min of co-incubation [ 180 ]. Recently, Palomino et al found that the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus against HIV-1 infection is associated with the presence of extracellular vesicles, which inhibit the HIV adhesion and viral entry to target cells [ 181 ]. Prospective studies have consistently suggested that disrupted vaginal microbiota increased the risk of HIV acquisition among women [ 23 ].…”

Section: Potential Of Lactobacillus In Keeping Vagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health

2020

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Human vagina is colonised by a diverse array of microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota and mycobiota. Lactobacillus is the most frequently isolated microorganism from the healthy human vagina, this includes Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus jensenii. These vaginal lactobacilli have been touted to prevent invasion of pathogens by keeping their population in check. However, the disruption of vaginal ecosystem contributes to the overgrowth of pathogens which causes complicated vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Predisposing factors such as menses, pregnancy, sexual practice, uncontrolled usage of antibiotics, and vaginal douching can alter the microbial community. Therefore, the composition of vaginal microbiota serves an important role in determining vagina health. Owing to their Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) status, lactobacilli have been widely utilised as one of the alternatives besides conventional antimicrobial treatment against vaginal pathogens for the prevention of chronic vaginitis and the restoration of vaginal ecosystem. In addition, the effectiveness of Lactobacillus as prophylaxis has also been well-founded in long-term administration. This review aimed to highlight the beneficial effects of lactobacilli derivatives (i.e. surface-active molecules) with anti-biofilm, antioxidant, pathogen-inhibition, and immunomodulation activities in developing remedies for vaginal infections. We also discuss the current challenges in the implementation of the use of lactobacilli derivatives in promotion of human health. In the current review, we intend to provide insights for the development of lactobacilli derivatives as a complementary or alternative medicine to conventional probiotic therapy in vaginal health.

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“…Recently, the anti-HIV effect of lactobacilli was investigated in human cervicovaginal and tonsillar tissues ex vivo, and cell lines were infected with HIV-1. Extracellular vesicles released by L. crispatus BC3 and L. gasseri BC12 protected from HIV-1 infection, a result attributed to the presence of protein and metabolites in these vesicles [ 102 ].…”

Section: Probiotics and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection?

et al. 2020

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Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus worldwide has led the World Health Organization to declare a COVID-19 pandemic. Because there is no cure or treatment for this virus, it is emergingly urgent to find effective and validated methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 infection. In this context, alternatives related to nutritional therapy might help to control the infection. This narrative review proposes the importance and role of probiotics and diet as adjunct alternatives among the therapies available for the treatment of this new coronavirus. This review discusses the relationship between intestinal purine metabolism and the use of Lactobacillus gasseri and low-purine diets, particularly in individuals with hyperuricemia, as adjuvant nutritional therapies to improve the immune system and weaken viral replication, assisting in the treatment of COVID-19. These might be promising alternatives, in addition to many others that involve adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds from food.

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Extracellular vesicles from symbiotic vaginal lactobacilli inhibit HIV-1 infection of human tissues

Cited by 85 publications

References 51 publications

Shedding Light on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection and Wound Healing

Shedding Light on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection and Wound Healing

Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health

Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection?

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