Extracellular Vesicles from Sporothrix Yeast Cells

Ikeda, Marcelo Augusto Kazuo; Ferreira, Karen Spadari

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83391-6_4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In addition, fungal EVs can facilitate fungal spread, by delivering essential proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some immunologically active components. EVs from Sporothrix brasiliensis have more immunologically active components, in comparison with those from Sporothrix schenckii , which could explain the greater virulence of Sporothrix brasiliensis ( Ikeda and Ferreira, 2021 ). Consistently, macrophages at different concentrations showed increased fungicidal activity (as assessed by their phagocytic index) when co-cultured with Sporothrix brasiliensis EVs.…”

Section: Interaction Between Fungal Evs and Host Cells And Their Immu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in fungi: a double-edged sword

et al. 2023

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Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms found in nature, which can invade the human body and cause tissue damage, inflammatory reactions, organ dysfunctions, and diseases. These diseases can severely damage the patient’s body systems and functions, leading to a range of clinical symptoms that can be life-threatening. As the incidence of invasive fungal infections has progressively increased in the recent years, a wealth of evidence has confirmed the “double-edged sword” role of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular communication and pathogen-host interactions. Fungal EVs act as mediators of cellular communication, affecting fungal-host cell interactions, delivering virulence factors, and promoting infection. Fungal EVs can also have an induced protective effect, affecting fungal growth and stimulating adaptive immune responses. By integrating recent studies, we discuss the role of EVs in fungi, providing strong theoretical support for the early prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections. Finally, we highlight the feasibility of using fungal EVs as drug carriers and in vaccine development.

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Section: Interaction Between Fungal Evs and Host Cells And Their Immu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in fungi: a double-edged sword

et al. 2023

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“…The EVs released by fungi contain a range of immunogenic molecules that can serve as a delivery tool, such as vaccines (Freitas et al, 2019). By western blot, sera of infected animals or patients were able to react with components from EVs of A. fumigatus (Souza et al, 2019), C. albicans (Gil-Bona et al, 2015), C. neoformans , H. capsulatum (Albuquerque et al, 2008) M. sympodialis (Gehrmann et al, 2011), P. brasiliensis (Vallejo et al, 2011), S. brasiliensis (Ikeda et al, 2018) and S. schenckii (Ikeda and Ferreira, 2021), demonstrating the capacity of EVs interact with host cells.…”

Section: Fungi Evs and Host Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi extracellular vesicles: extraction, cargo, and the immune system response

Ikeda¹,

Campos²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Like other organisms, fungi produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are involved in various biological processes, including intercellular communication and the transport of molecules between cells. These EVs can be applied in fungal pathogenesis, virulence, and interactions with other organisms, including host cells, in the case of fungal infections. While some types of mycoses are relatively common and easily treatable, certain neglected mycoses pose significant public health challenges, such as sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. These infectious diseases can cause significant morbidity and disability, leading to a reduced quality of life for the patients. So, research about the virulence factor is essential to understand how fungi escape the immune system. In this context, this manuscript reviews the study of fungi EVs, their cargo, their obtaining, and their role during the infectious process, which is extremely important for understanding this neglected mycosis.

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“…Although most research focuses on mammalian EVs, they represent an ancient form of cell–cell communication used by all organisms including unicellular bacteria and yeasts (Brown et al., 2015 ; Gill et al., 2019 ; Liebana‐Jordan et al., 2021 ; Théry et al., 2018 ). For example, pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans , and Sporothrix brasiliensis share EVs themselves or with host cells for virulence and immune escape (Freitas et al., 2019 ; Honorato et al., 2022 ; Ikeda & Ferreira, 2021 ; Miura & Ueda, 2018 ). One non‐pathogenic yeast species in particular, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast), is commonly used as a powerful model to uncover the molecular machinery responsible for fundamental processes underlying diverse eukaryotic biology, for example, cell cycle, autophagy, membrane trafficking, the ubiquitin–proteasome system, and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermotolerance in S. cerevisiae as a model to study extracellular vesicle biology

Logan,

Staton,

Oliver

et al. 2024

J of Extracellular Vesicle

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The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a proven model organism for elucidating conserved eukaryotic biology, but to date its extracellular vesicle (EV) biology is understudied. Here, we show yeast transmit information through the extracellular medium that increases survival when confronted with heat stress and demonstrate the EV‐enriched samples mediate this thermotolerance transfer. These samples contain vesicle‐like particles that are exosome‐sized and disrupting exosome biogenesis by targeting endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery inhibits thermotolerance transfer. We find that Bro1, the yeast ortholog of the human exosome biomarker ALIX, is present in EV samples, and use Bro1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to track EV release and uptake by endocytosis. Proteomics analysis reveals that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family proteins are enriched in EV samples that provide thermotolerance. We confirm the presence of the HSP70 ortholog stress‐seventy subunit A2 (Ssa2) in EV samples and find that mutant yeast cells lacking SSA2 produce EVs but they fail to transfer thermotolerance. We conclude that Ssa2 within exosomes shared between yeast cells contributes to thermotolerance. Through this work, we advance Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an emerging model organism for elucidating molecular details of eukaryotic EV biology and establish a role for exosomes in heat stress and proteostasis that seems to be evolutionarily conserved.

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Extracellular Vesicles from Sporothrix Yeast Cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in fungi: a double-edged sword

The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in fungi: a double-edged sword

Fungi extracellular vesicles: extraction, cargo, and the immune system response

Thermotolerance in S. cerevisiae as a model to study extracellular vesicle biology

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