Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Players in Plant Defense Against Pathogens

Liu, Guosheng; Kang, Guangren; Wang, Shumei; Huang, Yifan; Cai, Qiang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.757925

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…Suresh et al reported a higher yield of PELNs when PEG precipitation was carried out in pH 4 and 5 (58). PELNs can be internalized in plant cells, mammalian cells, fungi, and bacteria (28,(45)(46)(47). Created with BioRender.com.…”

Section: Pelns Biogenesis and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Emerging Role of Plant-Derived Exosomes-Like Nanoparticles in Immune Regulation and Periodontitis Treatment

et al. 2022

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Periodontitis is an infectious oral disease, which leads to the destruction of periodontal tissues and tooth loss. Although the treatment of periodontitis has improved recently, the effective treatment of periodontitis and the periodontitis-affected periodontal tissues is still a challenge. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic strategies for periodontitis. Natural products show anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and bone protective effects to periodontitis and most of these natural products are safe and cost-effective. Among these, the plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs), a type of natural nanocarriers repleted with lipids, proteins, RNAs, and other active molecules, show the ability to enter mammalian cells and regulate cellular activities. Reports from the literature indicate the great potential of PELNs in the regulation of immune functions, inflammation, microbiome, and tissue regeneration. Moreover, PELNs can also be used as drug carriers to enhance drug stability and cellular uptake in vivo. Since regulation of immune function, inflammation, microbiome, and tissue regeneration are the key phenomena usually targeted during periodontitis treatment, the PELNs hold the promising potential for periodontitis treatment. This review summarizes the recent advances in PELNs-related research that are related to the treatment of periodontitis and regeneration of periodontitis-destructed tissues and the underlying mechanisms. We also discuss the existing challenges and prospects of the application of PELNs-based therapeutic approaches for periodontitis treatment.

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Section: Pelns Biogenesis and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(C) Components: Generally, PELNs contain fewer proteins and miRNAs than exosomes. (D) Targets:PELNs can be internalized in plant cells, mammalian cells, fungi, and bacteria(28,(45)(46)(47). Created with BioRender.com.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Plant-Derived Exosomes-Like Nanoparticles in Immune Regulation and Periodontitis Treatment

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have also been characterized, and broccoli-derived nanoparticles were determined, from size distribution, to be on average 32.4 nm in diameter [185]. Although plant exosomes contain small molecules and proteins toxic to pathogenic fungi [186], their precise biogenesis remains obscure [187,188] and the parts remain largely uncharacterized [176]. The situation for animal systems is much farther advanced, and in these a hypothetical pathway for vesicle biogenesis has been proposed [189].…”

Section: On the Origin Supramolecular Aggregation And Mode Of Action Of Humic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration of a Phytoremediation Strategy for Successful and Sustainable Rehabilitation of Disturbed and Degraded Land

et al. 2022

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Humans are dependent upon soil which supplies food, fuel, chemicals, medicine, sequesters pollutants, purifies and conveys water, and supports the built environment. In short, we need soil, but it has little or no need of us. Agriculture, mining, urbanization and other human activities result in temporary land-use and once complete, used and degraded land should be rehabilitated and restored to minimize loss of soil carbon. It is generally accepted that the most effective strategy is phyto-remediation. Typically, phytoremediation involves re-invigoration of soil fertility, physicochemical properties, and its microbiome to facilitate establishment of appropriate climax cover vegetation. A myco-phytoremediation technology called Fungcoal was developed in South Africa to achieve these outcomes for land disturbed by coal mining. Here we outline the contemporary and expanded rationale that underpins Fungcoal, which relies on in situ bio-conversion of carbonaceous waste coal or discard, in order to explore the probable origin of humic substances (HS) and soil organic matter (SOM). To achieve this, microbial processing of low-grade coal and discard, including bio-liquefaction and bio-conversion, is examined in some detail. The significance, origin, structure, and mode of action of coal-derived humics are recounted to emphasize the dynamic equilibrium, that is, humification and the derivation of soil organic matter (SOM). The contribution of plant exudate, extracellular vesicles (EV), extra polymeric substances (EPS), and other small molecules as components of the dynamic equilibrium that sustains SOM is highlighted. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), saprophytic ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are considered essential microbial biocatalysts that provide mutualistic support to sustain plant growth following soil reclamation and restoration. Finally, we posit that de novo synthesis of SOM is by specialized microbial consortia (or ‘humifiers’) which use molecular components from the root metabolome; and, that combinations of functional biocatalyst act to re-establish and maintain the soil dynamic. It is concluded that a bio-scaffold is necessary for functional phytoremediation including maintenance of the SOM dynamic and overall biogeochemistry of organic carbon in the global ecosystem

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“…The natural traffic and delivery of these small RNA molecules inside and between interacting plant-pathogen organisms can be done through extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., membrane-bound particles that carry manly transmembrane proteins and RNAs, being produced by both sides of the pathosystem ( Liu et al, 2021 ). In plants, stress-associated EVs were isolated and characterized in apoplast fluids from Arabidopsis leaves, from where they are assimilated by the pathogen/pest ( Rutter and Innes, 2017 ).…”

Section: Rnai Plant-based Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas- and Topical RNAi-Based Technologies for Crop Management and Improvement: Reviewing the Risk Assessment and Challenges Towards a More Sustainable Agriculture

Távora

Diniz

Rêgo-Machado

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene (Cas) system and RNA interference (RNAi)-based non-transgenic approaches are powerful technologies capable of revolutionizing plant research and breeding. In recent years, the use of these modern technologies has been explored in various sectors of agriculture, introducing or improving important agronomic traits in plant crops, such as increased yield, nutritional quality, abiotic- and, mostly, biotic-stress resistance. However, the limitations of each technique, public perception, and regulatory aspects are hindering its wide adoption for the development of new crop varieties or products. In an attempt to reverse these mishaps, scientists have been researching alternatives to increase the specificity, uptake, and stability of the CRISPR and RNAi system components in the target organism, as well as to reduce the chance of toxicity in nontarget organisms to minimize environmental risk, health problems, and regulatory issues. In this review, we discuss several aspects related to risk assessment, toxicity, and advances in the use of CRISPR/Cas and topical RNAi-based technologies in crop management and breeding. The present study also highlights the advantages and possible drawbacks of each technology, provides a brief overview of how to circumvent the off-target occurrence, the strategies to increase on-target specificity, the harm/benefits of association with nanotechnology, the public perception of the available techniques, worldwide regulatory frameworks regarding topical RNAi and CRISPR technologies, and, lastly, presents successful case studies of biotechnological solutions derived from both technologies, raising potential challenges to reach the market and being social and environmentally safe.

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Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Players in Plant Defense Against Pathogens

Cited by 31 publications

References 90 publications

The Emerging Role of Plant-Derived Exosomes-Like Nanoparticles in Immune Regulation and Periodontitis Treatment

The Emerging Role of Plant-Derived Exosomes-Like Nanoparticles in Immune Regulation and Periodontitis Treatment

Elaboration of a Phytoremediation Strategy for Successful and Sustainable Rehabilitation of Disturbed and Degraded Land

CRISPR/Cas- and Topical RNAi-Based Technologies for Crop Management and Improvement: Reviewing the Risk Assessment and Challenges Towards a More Sustainable Agriculture

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