Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers Carriers in Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Treatment

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Its complex etiopathogenesis is dependent on numerous risk factors that can be divided into three distinct categories: genetic and molecular abnormalities, chemical or environmental exposure and previous genitourinary disorders and family history of different malignancies. This study highlights the genetic and molecular abnormalities that considered to be part of bladder carcinogenesis such as genetic mutations of TP53.To date, cystoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, butit is invasive and uncomfortable. Hence, many efforts are focusing on the development of accuratenon-invasive diagnostic tests for BC, consequently, this study aims to develop a new non-invasive and reliable test to accurately detect TP53 mutations in urine sediments of Egyptian BC patients and to evaluate the influence of their genetic status on tumor metastasis and recurrence as they are the main problems during the disease.Methods: A total of 150 BC patients and 50 healthy volunteers as controls were enrolled in this study, urine samples were obtained from all participants. DNA was extracted and TP53 mutations were examinedin exons (2+3), 4 and 5 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All PCR products were subjected to bidirectional sequencing.Results: Fifty four (36.0%) patients of 150 were mutated in exon (2+3) with statistically higher significant in patients when compared to controls (P = 0.001),while 96 patients(64.0%) in Exon 4, and 111 patients(74.0%) in Exon 5 with the same (P = 0.001).Moreover, a significant association was observed between TP53 status with tumor stage and grade, being alterations more common in high-stage and high-grade tumors.Conclusion: We conclude that TP53genetic mutations are independent prognostic factors for tumor metastasis and recurrence and the genetic alternation of TP53 could be used for prediction of bladder tumorigenesis.

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“…The need for non-invasive tools for diagnosis and follow up led to the identi cation of biomarkers in the urine (Georgantzoglou, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TP53 Mutation for Prediction of Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis in Bladder Cancer Patients

Mamdouh

Khorshed

Aboushousha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…about a potential biomarker TACSTD2 for bladder cancer, which was significantly increased in urinary exosomes of patients compared to individuals with hernia ( 105 ). The great potential of TACSTD2 as a diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer was further supported by the validation of another cohort of study ( 131 ) and by the fact that it was exclusively made by cancer cells ( 132 ). Ascite-derived exosomes are also found as a strong diagnostic tool for their expression of highly glycosylated CD133 in pancreatic cancer ( 106 ).…”

Section: Application Of Exosomal Proteins In Liquid Biopsymentioning

confidence: 92%

Potentiality of Exosomal Proteins as Novel Cancer Biomarkers for Liquid Biopsy

Jiang²,

Lv³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Liquid biopsy has been rapidly developed in recent years due to its advantages of non-invasiveness and real-time sampling in cancer prognosis and diagnosis. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by all types of cells and abundantly distributed in all types of body fluid, carrying diverse cargos including proteins, DNA, and RNA, which transmit regulatory signals to recipient cells. Among the cargos, exosomal proteins have always been used as immunoaffinity binding targets for exosome isolation. Increasing evidence about the function of tumor-derived exosomes and their proteins is found to be massively associated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis in recent years. Therefore, exosomal proteins and some nucleic acids, such as miRNA, can be used not only as targets for exosome isolation but also as potential diagnostic markers in cancer research, especially for liquid biopsy. This review will discuss the existing protein-based methods for exosome isolation and characterization that are more appropriate for clinical use based on current knowledge of the exosomal biogenesis and function. Additionally, the recent studies for the use of exosomal proteins as cancer biomarkers are also discussed and summarized, which might contribute to the development of exosomal proteins as novel diagnostic tools for liquid biopsy.

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“…Similarly, the participation of exosomes in cancer pathophysiology with applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment has been extensively studied [ 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Moonshot to PDAC Treatment?

Papadakos

Dedes

Pergaris

et al. 2022

IJMS

Self Cite

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Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes a leading cause of cancer death globally. Its mortality remains unaltered despite the considerable scientific progress made in the fields of diagnostics and treatment. Exosomes comprise of small extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all cells; their cargo contains a vast array of biomolecules, such as proteins and microRNAs. It is currently established that their role as messengers is central to a plethora of both physiologic and pathologic processes. Accumulating data have shed light on their contributions to carcinogenesis, metastasis, and immunological response. Meanwhile, the advancement of personalized targeted therapies into everyday clinical practice necessitates the development of cost-efficient treatment approaches. The role of exosomes is currently being extensively investigated towards this direction. This review aims to summarize the current pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the effects of exosomal applications in the timely diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of pancreatic cancer.

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Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers Carriers in Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Treatment

Cited by 31 publications

References 83 publications

TP53 Mutation for Prediction of Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis in Bladder Cancer Patients

TP53 Mutation for Prediction of Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis in Bladder Cancer Patients

Potentiality of Exosomal Proteins as Novel Cancer Biomarkers for Liquid Biopsy

Exosomes in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Moonshot to PDAC Treatment?

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