Extracellular peptidases as possible markers of fungal ecology

Семенова, Т. А.; Dunaevsky, Yakov E.; Beljakova, Galina; Borisov, B.; Шамрайчук, И. Л.; Belozersky, M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.01.002

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Recent work has also shown that peptidase activity varies among soils collected from multiple sites (T. Nguyen et al 2019), and that separate peptidase families are preferentially active in distinct pH ranges (Semenova et al 2017). The WC and BC lineages are parapatric in distribution (nearly sympatric in Washington state), and exhibit a high degree of overlap in pan-genome clustering and effector protein profiles, while they are not particularly distinct in their overall saprotrophic repertoires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we found that the WC lineage exhibits a significant expansion of metallopeptidases, consistent with expectations from adaptation to distinct soil conditions. Extracellular peptidases are among the most important enzymes used by EMF for the degradation of soil-organic matter (Bending et al 1995; Shah et al 2013), and are primarily comprised of serine- and metallo-peptidases in basidiomycete fungi (Semenova et al 2017). Recent work has also shown that peptidase activity varies among soils collected from multiple sites (T. Nguyen et al 2019), and that separate peptidase families are preferentially active in distinct pH ranges (Semenova et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracellular peptidases are among the most important enzymes used by EMF for the degradation of soil-organic matter (Bending et al 1995;Shah et al 2013), and are primarily comprised of serine-and metallo-peptidases in basidiomycete fungi (Semenova et al 2017). Recent work has also shown that peptidase activity varies among soils collected from multiple sites (T. Nguyen et al 2019), and that separate peptidase families are preferentially active in distinct pH ranges (Semenova et al 2017). The WC and BC lineages are parapatric in distribution (nearly sympatric in Washington state), and exhibit a high degree of overlap in pan-genome clustering and effector protein profiles, while they are not particularly distinct in their overall saprotrophic repertoires.…”

Section: Adaptation To Diverse Ecological Pressures May Be Driving Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From populations to pan-genomes: investigating the role of ecology and genomic architecture in maintaining species boundaries in the porcini mushroom,Boletus edulis

Tremble,

Lamartinière,

Bradshaw

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The forces that maintain stable boundaries between closely related groups are poorly characterized in theFungi. In other organisms prezygotic barriers, such as assortative mating, are sufficient to reinforce local adaptation and prevent hybridization, yet assortative mating and other prezygotic barriers are largely absent in most fungi. Postzygotic barriers, such as large structural changes across the genome, can also maintain lineage segregation through hybrid incompatibility. The role of structural variation in speciation has been well characterized in a wide array of animals and plants, but not in theFungi, where it may be relatively uncommon. Here, we use a pan-genomic approach in the globally distributed ectomycorrhizal fungusBoletus edulisBull. with 310 whole genome sequences and 22 newly generated reference genomes to identify whether large genomic changes are necessary to maintain lineage segregation in the presence of ongoing gene flow. In addition, we evaluate the extent to which different lineages possess unique repertories of saprotrophic and effector gene families to determine whether lineages exhibit distinct ecological capacities that contribute toward lineage segregation. We show thatB. edulispossesses one of the most diverse pan-genomes of eukaryotes, with the lowest proportion of core proteins identified in theFungi. Pan-genomic clustering correlates more with geography than with gene flow or phylogenetic relatedness. We also show that structural variation is abundant withinB. edulis, but is rarely fixed within a lineage or even shared between two individuals. Moreover, we find that a similar degree of genomic synteny exists between genomes of different lineages as between genomes of the same lineage. Functional protein analysis shows that a new lineage ofB. edulisfrom tropical Guatemala has significant contractions in most saprotrophic gene families and possesses a distinct saprotrophic enzyme repertoire. This lineage also a carries a clear signal of a demographic bottleneck, has very low genome-wide heterozygosity, and an inflated genome size, consistent with a substantial shift in ecological niche. In addition, we reveal preliminary evidence for subtle differences in host preference among EuropeanB. edulis. Altogether, our results provide clear evidence that large changes in genome structure or proteome content are not necessary or perhaps even sufficient to maintain long-term lineage fidelity in the presence of ongoing gene flow. Instead, it appears that subtle differences in ecological tendencies can maintain stable boundaries through time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptation To Diverse Ecological Pressures May Be Driving Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From populations to pan-genomes: investigating the role of ecology and genomic architecture in maintaining species boundaries in the porcini mushroom,Boletus edulis

Tremble,

Lamartinière,

Bradshaw

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fungi as osmotrophs, synthesize different enzymes to break down high molecular weight polymers into smaller monomers that can then be absorbed by the cell wall [17][18][19]. The spectrum of secreted enzymes determines physiological needs [20], as well as adaptation to nutrition sources [18,[21][22][23]. Thus, by releasing the necessary enzymes for the hydrolysis of polymers present in their respective environments [16], fungi are capable of changing between different lifestyles [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Salinity on the Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Marine Pelagic Fungi

Salazar-Alekseyeva,

Herndl,

Baltar

2024

JoF

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Even though fungi are ubiquitous in the biosphere, the ecological knowledge of marine fungi remains rather rudimentary. Also, little is known about their tolerance to salinity and how it influences their activities. Extracellular enzymatic activities (EEAs) are widely used to determine heterotrophic microbes’ enzymatic capabilities and substrate preferences. Five marine fungal species belonging to the most abundant pelagic phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) were grown under non-saline and saline conditions (0 g/L and 35 g/L, respectively). Due to their sensitivity and specificity, fluorogenic substrate analogues were used to determine hydrolytic activity on carbohydrates (β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase); peptides (leucine aminopeptidase and trypsin); lipids (lipase); organic phosphorus (alkaline phosphatase), and sulfur compounds (sulfatase). Afterwards, kinetic parameters such as maximum velocity (Vmax) and half-saturation constant (Km) were calculated. All fungal species investigated cleaved these substrates, but some species were more efficient than others. Moreover, most enzymatic activities were reduced in the saline medium, with some exceptions like sulfatase. In non-saline conditions, the average Vmax ranged between 208.5 to 0.02 μmol/g biomass/h, and in saline conditions, 88.4 to 0.02 μmol/g biomass/h. The average Km ranged between 1553.2 and 0.02 μM with no clear influence of salinity. Taken together, our results highlight a potential tolerance of marine fungi to freshwater conditions and indicate that changes in salinity (due to freshwater input or evaporation) might impact their enzymatic activities spectrum and, therefore, their contribution to the oceanic elemental cycles.

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“…Fungi produce extracellular peptidases to break down environmental protein and polypeptides and supply small molecules for fungal growth (St. Leger et al, 1997;James, 2006;Hamin Neto et al, 2018). The spectrum of these secreted peptidases were correlated with the fungal traits, making them possible markers of fungal ecology (Semenova et al, 2017). Serine proteases are essential for pathogenic fungi to utilize environmental nutrients and maintain their own reproduction (dos Santos et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of a C69-Family Cysteine Dipeptidase Gene Enhances Heat Shock and UV-B Tolerances in Metarhizium acridum

Guo

Cao

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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In fungi, peptidases play a crucial role in adaptability. At present, the roles of peptidases in ultraviolet (UV) and thermal tolerance are still unclear. In this study, a C69-family cysteine dipeptidase of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum, MaPepDA, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 56-kDa, and displayed a high activity to dipeptide substrate with an optimal Ala-Gln hydrolytic activity at about pH 6.0 and 55 • C. It was demonstrated that MaPepDA is an intracellular dipeptidase localized in the cytosol, and that it is expressed during the whole fungal growth. Disruption of the MaPepDA gene increased conidial germination, growth rate, and significantly improved the tolerance to UV-B and heat stress in M. acridum. However, virulence and conidia production was largely unaffected in the MaPepDA mutant. Digital gene expression data revealed that the MaPepDA mutant had a higher UV-B and heat-shock tolerance compared to wild type by regulating transcription of sets of genes involved in cell surface component, cell growth, DNA repair, amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism and some important signaling pathways of stimulation. Our results suggested that disruption of the MaPepDA could potentially improve the performance of fungal pesticides in the field application with no adverse effect on virulence and conidiation.

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Extracellular peptidases as possible markers of fungal ecology

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

From populations to pan-genomes: investigating the role of ecology and genomic architecture in maintaining species boundaries in the porcini mushroom,Boletus edulis

From populations to pan-genomes: investigating the role of ecology and genomic architecture in maintaining species boundaries in the porcini mushroom,Boletus edulis

Influence of Salinity on the Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Marine Pelagic Fungi

Disruption of a C69-Family Cysteine Dipeptidase Gene Enhances Heat Shock and UV-B Tolerances in Metarhizium acridum

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