Extracellular matrix production in vitro in cartilage tissue engineering

Abstract

Cartilage tissue engineering is arising as a technique for the repair of cartilage lesions in clinical applications. However, fibrocartilage formation weakened the mechanical functions of the articular, which compromises the clinical outcomes. Due to the low proliferation ability, dedifferentiation property and low production of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) of the chondrocytes, the cartilage synthesis in vitro has been one of the major limitations for obtaining high-quality engineered cartilage constructs. This review discusses cells, biomaterial scaffolds and stimulating factors that can facilitate the cartilage-specific ECM production and accumulation in the in vitro culture system. Special emphasis has been put on the factors that affect the production of ECM macromolecules such as collagen type II and proteoglycans in the review, aiming at providing new strategies to improve the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage.

Positive impact of IGF-1-coupled nanoparticles on the differentiation potential of human chondrocytes cultured on collagen scaffolds

“…These results fit with data from previous studies and confirm that a collagen-based scaffold supports chondrogenic properties. 45 Furthermore, cells grown on the scaffold synthesized significantly more collagen type II when sNP-IGF-1 or lyophilisate was added, which indicates that the regeneration process in clinical applications can be optimized by combining the three basic approaches to tissue engineering: 1) the application of isolated cells or cell substitutes; 2) the delivery of stimulating growth factors; and 3) implanting a three-dimensional scaffold enriched with autologous cells. 46 In summary, in the present in vitro study, a biocompatible collagen-based scaffold was infiltrated by dedifferentiated cells isolated from human articular cartilage and enriched with IGF-1-coupled sNP to positively influence the regenerative capacity.…”

A novel cartilage tissue construction based on artificial cells and matrix-shaping

“…A large quantity of GAGs and type II collagen demonstrate cells have a chondrogenic phenotype [19]. For 2D condition, significant differences were shown between the two groups (Fig.…”

Regeneration of Hyaline Cartilage Using a Mechanically-Tuned Chondrocyte-Seeded Biomimetic Tissue-Engineered 3D Scaffold: A Theoretical Approach

“…Tissue engineered scaffolds have emerged as a useful mechanism to regenerate tissue both in vivo and in vitro [12] [13]. They provide a tailorable substrate for cell attachment and growth and can be fabricated in two-and three-dimensional configurations.…”