Extracellular Matrix in Aging Aorta

Mammoto, Akiko; Matus, Kienna; Mammoto, Tadanori

doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.822561

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…Generally, the structure and the amount of elastin in different types of blood vessels depends on their location in the circulatory system and local hemodynamic conditions. The contribution of elastic structures to vascular biomechanics has been exhaustively studied for decades [ 18 , 20 , 40 , 44 , 53 , 68 ], but new papers are constantly being published [ 15 , 65 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ] showing that there is still room for exploration in this area.…”

Section: Elasticity Of Soft Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview

Trębacz

Barzycka

2023

Biomolecules

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Human tissues must be elastic, much like other materials that work under continuous loads without losing functionality. The elasticity of tissues is provided by elastin, a unique protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammals. Its function is to endow soft tissues with low stiffness, high and fully reversible extensibility, and efficient elastic–energy storage. Depending on the mechanical functions, the amount and distribution of elastin-rich elastic fibers vary between and within tissues and organs. The article presents a concise overview of the mechanical properties of elastin and its role in the elasticity of soft tissues. Both the occurrence of elastin and the relationship between its spatial arrangement and mechanical functions in a given tissue or organ are overviewed. As elastin in tissues occurs only in the form of elastic fibers, the current state of knowledge about their mechanical characteristics, as well as certain aspects of degradation of these fibers and their mechanical performance, is presented. The overview also outlines the latest understanding of the molecular basis of unique physical characteristics of elastin and, in particular, the origin of the driving force of elastic recoil after stretching.

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Section: Elasticity Of Soft Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview

Trębacz

Barzycka

2023

Biomolecules

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“…The extracellular matrix (ECM) determines the structure–function relationships of the aorta, and therefore maintains its homeostasis. ECM is pivotal for a healthy performance [ 24 ]. Age-associated remodeling of the ECM structural components, such as fragmentation of elastic fibers and excessive deposition and crosslinking of collagens, ends in functional stiffening of the aorta ( Figure 2 ) [ 24 ].…”

Section: The Aging Aortamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ECM is pivotal for a healthy performance [ 24 ]. Age-associated remodeling of the ECM structural components, such as fragmentation of elastic fibers and excessive deposition and crosslinking of collagens, ends in functional stiffening of the aorta ( Figure 2 ) [ 24 ].…”

Section: The Aging Aortamentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic Stiffness: A Major Risk Factor for Multimorbidity in the Elderly

Triposkiadis

Xanthopoulos

Λαμπρόπουλος

et al. 2023

JCM

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Multimorbidity, the coexistence of multiple health conditions in an individual, has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing health services, and this crisis is partly driven by the aging population. Aging is associated with increased aortic stiffness (AoStiff), which in turn is linked with several morbidities frequently affecting and having disastrous consequences for the elderly. These include hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, anemia, ischemic stroke, and dementia. Two or more of these disorders (multimorbidity) often coexist in the same elderly patient and the specific multimorbidity pattern depends on several factors including sex, ethnicity, common morbidity routes, morbidity interactions, and genomics. Regular exercise, salt restriction, statins in patients at high atherosclerotic risk, and stringent blood pressure control are interventions that delay progression of AoStiff and most likely decrease multimorbidity in the elderly.

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“…The walls of the arteries become thicker and stiffer. They also lose their elasticity and therefore are more prone to age-related comorbidities, such as hypertension ( 97 ). These structural changes also reflect changes in the composition of extracellular matrix, e.g., less elastin more collagen ( 97 ).…”

Section: Stromal Interactions In Gcamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also lose their elasticity and therefore are more prone to age-related comorbidities, such as hypertension ( 97 ). These structural changes also reflect changes in the composition of extracellular matrix, e.g., less elastin more collagen ( 97 ). Little is known about the potential role of extracellular matrix's components on initiating or suppressing an autoimmune response.…”

Section: Stromal Interactions In Gcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis with focus on cellular populations

et al. 2022

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Giant cell arteritis (GCA), the most common non-infectious vasculitis, mainly affects elderly individuals. The disease usually affects the aorta and its main supra-aortic branches causing both general symptoms of inflammation and specific ischemic symptoms because of the limited blood flow due to arterial structural changes in the inflamed arteries. The pathogenesis of the GCA is complex and includes a dysregulated immune response that affects both the innate and the adaptive immunity. During the last two decades several studies have investigated interactions among antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes, which contribute to the formation of the inflammatory infiltrate in the affected arteries. Toll-like receptor signaling and interactions through the VEGF-Notch-Jagged1 pathway are emerging as crucial events of the aberrant inflammatory response, facilitating among others the migration of inflammatory cells to the inflamed arteries and their interactions with the local stromal milieu. The increased use of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy and their immune-related adverse events has fed interest in the role of checkpoint dysfunction in GCA, and recent studies suggest a dysregulated check point system which is unable to suppress the inflammation in the previously immune-privileged arteries, leading to vasculitis. The role of B-cells is currently reevaluated because of new reports of considerable numbers of plasma cells in inflamed arteries as well as the formation of artery tertiary lymphoid organs. There is emerging evidence on previously less studied cell populations, such as the neutrophils, CD8+ T-cells, T regulatory cells and tissue residing memory cells as well as for stromal cells which were previously considered as innocent bystanders. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence in the literature regarding the cell populations involved in the pathogenesis of GCA and especially in the context of an aged, immune system.

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Extracellular Matrix in Aging Aorta

Cited by 32 publications

References 173 publications

Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview

Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview

Aortic Stiffness: A Major Risk Factor for Multimorbidity in the Elderly

Pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis with focus on cellular populations

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