Extracellular enzyme mediated biotransformation of imidacloprid by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Mechanisms, pathways, and toxicity

Degradation of imidacloprid by Phanerodontia chrysosporium on wood chips for stormwater treatment

“…34 As imidacloprid has a pyridine ring, this is a potential degradation mechanism. Zhu et al 41 further confirmed this potential mechanism, demonstrating through molecular docking models that imidacloprid will bind tightly to and interact with P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase without destabilizing the enzyme. Further work is needed to confirm imidacloprid fungal degradation mechanisms under nutrient-limited conditions and to better substantiate the role of peroxidases.…”

“…Several studies have demonstrated the ability of white-rot wood decay fungi, including Phanerodontia chrysosporium , to remove the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, and dinotefuran from aqueous solutions. 35–41 In a recent study, P. chrysosporium removed 93.5% of imidacloprid from solution in six days. 41 However, these studies did not examine conditions critical to stormwater systems.…”

“…35–41 In a recent study, P. chrysosporium removed 93.5% of imidacloprid from solution in six days. 41 However, these studies did not examine conditions critical to stormwater systems. For example, researchers have most commonly studied fungal degradation in suspended growth systems, a condition that would be difficult to sustain for passive stormwater treatment solutions.…”

“…In addition, researchers have largely conducted fungal bioremediation experiments in waters with significantly higher nutrient concentrations than are observed in stormwater. 33,35–37,41 Nutrient levels are critical, because it has been established that fungal enzyme activity (and therefore degradation efficiency) will vary with nutrient conditions. 42 For fungal bioremediation to be feasible as an appropriate tool for stormwater treatment, it will need to be investigated under attached growth, nutrient-limited conditions and demonstrate degradation at a time-scale relevant to stormwater treatment infrastructure.…”

Development of composite alginate bead media with encapsulated sorptive materials and microorganisms to bioaugment green stormwater infrastructure

“…We successfully encapsulated Trametes versicolor fungi in our beads along with PAC, FeWTR, wood flour, and AQDS by entrapping fungi in either Ca 2+ alginate or Fe 3+ alginate crosslinkers. When added to growth media (malt extract media and modified Kirk's liquid culture media 71 in this case), dried BioSorp beads were capable of growing fungal fruiting bodies on the surface of the beads [Fig. 6], thereby demonstrating viability of the encapsulated organisms ( i.e.…”