Extinction deficits in socially isolated rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Gluck, John P.; Sackett, Gene P.

doi:10.1037/0012-1649.12.2.173

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…In support of these ideas, it has been demonstrated that maternal deprivation of infant primates is associated with deficits in prefrontal functions of attention and motivation (Beauchamp & Gluck, 1988;Beauchamp, Gluck, & Lewis, 1991;Gluck & Sachiltz, 1976). Recently, Sanchez, Hearn, Do, Rilling, and Herndon (1998) used structural brain MRI to study brain differences in rhesus monkeys.…”

Section: The Frontal Cortex Cognitive Development and Child Neglectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychobiology of Neglect

2005

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Section: The Frontal Cortex Cognitive Development and Child Neglectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychobiology of Neglect

2005

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“…Perseveration has also been elicited in other circumstances known to cause ARB. For example, deprivation-reared rhesus monkeys performed more than twice as many nonrewarded lever presses as peer-reared controls in an operant extinction test [24]; and under high doses of amphetamine, rats trained to lever-press for food continued to press even after food had been delivered [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent perseveration correlates with abnormal repetitive locomotion in adult mink but is not reduced by environmental enrichment

Ahloy‐Dallaire

Meagher

Díez-León

et al. 2011

Behavioural Brain Research

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a b s t r a c tWe analysed the relationship between abnormal repetitive behaviour (ARB), the presence/absence of environmental enrichment, and two types of behavioural disinhibition in farmed American mink, Neovison vison. The first type, recurrent perseveration, the inappropriate repetition of already completed responses, was assessed using three indices of excessive response repetition and patterning in a biascorrected serial two-choice guessing task. The second type, disinhibition of prepotent responses to reward cues, a form of impulsivity, was tested in a locomotive detour task adapted from primate reaching tasks: subjects were required to walk around, rather than directly into, a transparent barrier behind which food was visible. In older adult females, recurrent perseveration positively predicted pre-feeding abnormal repetitive locomotion (ARL) in Non-enriched housing. High-ARL subjects also performed repeated (same-choice) responses more rapidly than low-ARL animals, even when statistically controlling for alternated (different-choice) response latency. Mink performed much less ARL following transfer to Enriched housing, but there was no corresponding change in recurrent perseveration. Thus, elevated recurrent perseveration is not sufficient for frequent ARL; and while captive environments do determine ARL frequency, in mink, they do not necessarily do so by modifying levels of perseveration. Disinhibition of prepotent responses to reward cues, meanwhile, did not predict ARL. In a separate sample of differentially housed young adults, neither type of behavioural disinhibition predicted ARL, and again, whether or not housing was enriched did not affect behavioural disinhibition despite affecting ARL. Thus, the relationship between recurrent perseveration and ARB may only develop with age; longitudinal studies are now required for confirmation.

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“…Thus, while isolates perform as well as control individuals in a standard learning test battery (Harlow et al, 1969), they are impaired during an extinction task, continuing to respond to a previously rewarded stimulus despite hundreds of unrewarded responses (Gluck and Sackett, 1976). Several studies have also found that maternal deprivation disrupts prepulse inhibition (the inhibition of the startle reflex following a weak preceding stimulus) in rats, indicating altered processing of sensory information akin to that seen in schizophrenia (Ellenbroek and Cools, 2002;Ellenbroek and Riva, 2003), although Finamore and Port (2000) found no such effects.…”

Section: Pervasive Changes In Perseverative Tendencies and Other Aspementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal deprivation and the development of stereotypic behaviour

Latham¹,

Mason

2008

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

144

123

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Many farm, laboratory, zoo and companion animals experience some form of maternal deprivation. This is typically via separation from their mothers earlier than would happen in free-living populations, in some cases even while young are still dependent upon milk. Maternal deprivation may also occur in a qualitative way, via inadequate maternal care, perhaps caused by inexperience or by restrictive environments that limit maternal behaviours. In this paper we review evidence on the link between early separation from the mother and abnormal behaviour from a wide range of sources, including the early primate studies in this field, more recent examples from zoo and commercially reared animals, and human examples from studies of institutionalised children. We discuss factors that seem to influence the magnitude of later effects, such as developmental stage and age at separation, and whether separation is gradual (i.e. more similar to natural separation) or abrupt (as often the case in captivity). In these instances, however, maternal deprivation is just one aspect of a suite of changes that occur when infants are separated from their mothers. In the second part of the paper we therefore review the few cases where maternal loss per se has been investigated, and studies showing lasting affects of qualitative aspects of maternal care. We then look at the possible mechanisms underlying maternal deprivation-induced stereotypic behaviours including potential frustration of specific motivations, and lasting, more pervasive changes for instance in temperament or motor control. Finally, we discuss the practical and welfare implications of the effects of maternal deprivation, and suggest some topics for future research. #

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Extinction deficits in socially isolated rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

The Psychobiology of Neglect

The Psychobiology of Neglect

Recurrent perseveration correlates with abnormal repetitive locomotion in adult mink but is not reduced by environmental enrichment

Maternal deprivation and the development of stereotypic behaviour

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