External Quality Assurance for Cervical Cytology in Developing Countries

Salvetto, Micol; Sandiford, Peter

doi:10.1159/000326279

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All women with positive results were treated. The program successfully reached its objectives: improve coverage, screening, and follow-up of CC in high-risk populations (42). This scheme allowed, among others, for more equity in access to health services and increased service use by vulnerable groups (42).…”

Section: Grey Literature Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer screening programs for female sex workers: a scoping review

Vimpere,

Sami,

Jeannot

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common neoplasia affecting women worldwide. Female sex workers (FSWs) are among those at highest risk of developing and succumbing to CC. Yet, they are often overlooked in CC screening programs and have limited access to CC healthcare globally. The development of CC screening programs for this high-risk target population is necessary to reduce the global burden of this disease and to reach the World Health Organization’s objective of accelerating the elimination of CC.ObjectiveThis review summarizes findings on CC screening programs for FSWs that have been implemented worldwide, and assesses their effectiveness and sustainability.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A literature search was performed on PubMed, Swisscovery, and Google Scholar for studies describing and assessing CC screening programs for FSWs. In addition, targeted searching online Non-Governmental and International Organizations websites identified grey literature. A single reviewer screened titles and abstracts, and extracted data from the research findings.ResultsThe search identified 13 articles published from 1989 to 2021. All implemented programs successfully reached FSWs and provided them with CC screening during the study period. The most effective and sustainable strategies were the Screen and Treat approach, introducing CC screening into existing STI services in drop-in or outreach clinics, HPV-DNA self-sampling, and integrating sex-workers-specific services in public health facilities. Follow-up was deemed the main challenge in providing and enhancing CC healthcare to FSWs with rates of loss to follow-up ranging from 35 to 60%.ConclusionFSWs are often omitted in national CC screening programs. The further development and improvement of CC healthcare, including follow-up systems, for this high-priority target population are imperative.

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Section: Grey Literature Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer screening programs for female sex workers: a scoping review

Vimpere,

Sami,

Jeannot

2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Our study indicates that in Mexico, implementation of accreditation standards for cytotechnicians is urgently needed. Both the introduction of external quality control mechanisms in cervical cytology laboratories and improved training of cytotechnicians are also necessary (59). In Mexico, a consensus must be established among healthcare decision-makers, administrators, and providers in terms of the need for quality control mechanisms, standardization of diagnosis, periodic certification, and continuing education for personnel working in cervical cytology laboratories (60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreasing Cervical Cancer Mortality in Mexico: Effect of Papanicolaou Coverage, Birthrate, and the Importance of Diagnostic Validity of Cytology

Lazcano‐Ponce

Palacio-Mejía

Allen‐Leigh

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: The reduction in cervical cancer mortality in developed countries has been attributed to wellorganized, population-based prevention and control programs that incorporate screening with the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. In Mexico, there has been a decrease in cervical cancer mortality, but it is unclear what factors have prompted this reduction. Methods: Using data from national indicators, we determined the correlation between cervical cancer mortality rates and Pap coverage, birthrate, and gross national product, using a linear regression model. We determined relative risk of dying of cervical cancer according to place of residence (rural/urban, region) using a Poisson model. We also estimated Pap smear coverage using national survey data and evaluated the validity and reproducibility of Pap smear diagnosis.

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“…Failures of new cervical cytology programmes usually relate to failure to achieve adequate quality in one or more components of the programme (Salvetto and Sandiford, 2004). Miller (2002) has pointed out that it is not usually the test itself which has failed, but other components of the programme such as failure to reach the target population and adequate recruitment, communication of results and failure to follow up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%