External morphology of the primate brain. C. J. CONNOLLY

Canelas, Horacio M.

doi:10.1590/s0004-282x1950000200009

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…10). This observation is consistent with the classic compensation theory of cortical folding by Connolly 69,70 , which qualitatively states that the depth and size of sulci are seemingly counterbalanced by those of their neighbors. In terms of the compensation theory then, in chimpanzees, the shallow, small (or even absent) precuneal sulci neighbor large and deep pos and mcgs (and the reverse in humans), such that the former "compensate" for the latter and in turn, make the overall degree of cortical folding approximately equal 71 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Sulcal morphology of posteromedial cortex substantially differs between humans and chimpanzees

Willbrand

Maboudian

Kelly

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Recent studies identify a surprising coupling between evolutionarily new sulci and the functional organization of human posteromedial cortex (PMC). Yet, no study has compared this modern PMC sulcal patterning between humans and non-human hominoids. To fill this gap in knowledge, we first manually defined 918 sulci in 120 chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) hemispheres and 1619 sulci in 144 human hemispheres. We uncovered four new PMC sulci, and quantitatively identified species differences in incidence, depth, and surface area. Interestingly, some PMC sulci are more common in humans and others, in chimpanzees. Further, we found that the prominent marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus differs significantly between species. Contrary to classic observations, the present results reveal that the surface anatomy of PMC substantially differs between humans and chimpanzees, findings which lay a foundation for better understanding the evolution of neuroanatomical-functional and neuroanatomical-behavioral relationships in this highly expanded region of the human cerebral cortex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Sulcal morphology of posteromedial cortex substantially differs between humans and chimpanzees

Willbrand

Maboudian

Kelly

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The sulcal patterns described in the present investigation are consistent with the morphology depicted in traditional sulcal illustrations of the late 19th and 20th century (see Figure 2; Turner, 1866, 1948; Eberstaller, 1890; Cunningham, 1905; Connolly, 1950). Notably, these early texts emphasized the variability of this sulcus, indicating that it was frequently interrupted by short secondary sulci and comprised of various branches (Cunningham, 1905; Turner, 1866, 1948).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Interestingly, the probability maps also reveal that the location of the SFS shows variability across subjects, which may result from its high likelihood of merging with a surrounding frontal sulcus (see Tables 1 and 2, and maximum probability values in Figures 3–6). Previous qualitative analyses of the SFS have consistently described the morphological variations of this sulcus (see Section 4.1), particularly in comparison to the classic sulcal maps (see Figure 2; Eberstaller, 1890; Cunningham, 1905; Bailey & Bonin, 1951; Connolly, 1950; Ono et al, 1990; Juch et al, 2005; Ribas et al, 2006; Gonul et al, 2014). This inter‐individual morphological variability is significant given that it is maintained despite linear registration of brains to the axes of MNI standard stereotaxic space for morphological analyses (Drudik et al, 2023; Sprung‐Much & Petrides, 2018, 2020; Zlatkina et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The superior frontal sulcus in the human brain: Morphology and probability maps

Drudik,

Petrides

2024

Human Brain Mapping

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The superior frontal sulcus (SFS) is the major sulcus on the dorsolateral frontal cortex that defines the lateral limit of the superior frontal gyrus. Caudally, it originates near the superior precentral sulcus (SPRS) and, rostrally, it terminates near the frontal pole. The advent of structural neuroimaging has demonstrated significant variability in this sulcus that is not captured by the classic sulcal maps. The present investigation examined the morphological variability of the SFS in 50 individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the human brain that were registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard stereotaxic space. Two primary morphological patterns were identified: (i) the SFS was classified as a continuous sulcus or (ii) the SFS was a complex of sulcal segments. The SFS showed a high probability of merging with neighbouring sulci on the superior and middle frontal gyri and these patterns were documented. In addition, the morphological variability and spatial extent of the SFS were quantified using volumetric and surface spatial probability maps. The results from the current investigation provide an anatomical framework for understanding the morphology of the SFS, which is critical for the interpretation of structural and functional neuroimaging data in the dorsolateral frontal region, as well as for improving the accuracy of neurosurgical interventions.

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“…In extant humans, the inferior frontal sulcus often transects the Broca's region, while the ascending ramus of the lateral fissure caudally borders the prominence (Figure 2C-D; Connolly, 1950;de Jager et al, 2022). In chimpanzees, the central sulcus is placed more rostrally, and the inferior portion of the precentral sulcus bisects the orbital cap that is bordered rostrally by the inferior frontal sulcus (Figure 2E-F; Connolly, 1950). The coronal suture runs in between the precentral and central sulci in KNM-ER 3732, which points towards the primitive configuration described in Ponce de León et al (2021).…”

Section: Knm-er 3732 Has a Primitive Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in Figure 2, for the sake of clarity only two Homo and Pan specimens were used to illustrate the comparison (as it has been done in other published papers, e.g., Carlson et al, 2011;Science, Gunz et al, 2020 Sci Adv). In the revised version, we modified the manuscript to explain further our approach (line 156) "We used brain and endocast atlases published in Connolly (1950), Falk et al (2018 and de Jager et al (2019de Jager et al ( , 2022; see also www.endomap.org) for comparing the pattern identified in KNM-ER 3732 to those described in extant humans and chimpanzees. To the best of our knowledge, these atlases are the most extensive atlases of extant human and chimpanzee brains/endocasts available to date and are widely used in the literature to explore variability in sulcal patterns.…”

Section: Reviewer #3 (Public Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broca’s area, variation and taxic diversity in earlyHomofrom Koobi Fora (Kenya)

Beaudet

Jager

2023

Preprint

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Because brain tissues rarely fossilize, pinpointing when and how modern human cerebral traits emerged in the hominin lineage is particularly challenging. The fragmentary nature of the fossil material, coupled with the difficulty of characterizing such a complex organ, have been the source of long-standing debates. Prominent among them is the uncertainties around the derived or primitive state of the brain organization in the earliest representatives of the genus Homo, more particularly in key areas such as the Broca′s area. By revisiting a particularly well-preserved fossil endocast from the Turkana basin (Kenya) attributed to early Homo, here we confirm that humans in Africa had a primitive organization of the Broca′s area ca. 1.9 million years ago. Additionally, our description of KNM-ER 3732 adds further information about the variation pattern of the inferior frontal gyrus in fossil hominins, with implications for early Homo taxic diversity (i.e., one or two Homo species at Koobi Fora) and the nature of the mechanisms involved in the emergence of derived cerebral traits.

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External morphology of the primate brain. C. J. CONNOLLY

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Sulcal morphology of posteromedial cortex substantially differs between humans and chimpanzees

Sulcal morphology of posteromedial cortex substantially differs between humans and chimpanzees

The superior frontal sulcus in the human brain: Morphology and probability maps

Broca’s area, variation and taxic diversity in earlyHomofrom Koobi Fora (Kenya)

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