External description of the embryonic development of the prawn, Macrobrachium americanum Bate, 1868 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) based on the staging method

Abstract

The embryonic changes during the development of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium americanum are described from observations made on live embryos based on the percentage-staging method. Eggs were observed with a stereomicroscope to obtain descriptions of embryonic periods. This prawn has an incubation time of 18 days at 24 • C. Ten periods are described and illustrated. A comparison of this developmental process with those of congeneric species is included. RESUMEN Se describen los caracteres externos del desarrollo embrionario del langostino dulceacuícola Macrobrachium americanum tomando como criterio el método de estadios fijos basado en porcentajes. Los huevecillos fueron observados en vivo con un microscopio estereoscópico y se descibe cada periodo de desarrollo. Los huevecillos tardan 18 días en incubarse a una temperatura de 24 • C. Diez periodos se describen e ilustran. Se compara el desarrollo con el de algunas especies cercanas.

Embryonic development of Ganga river prawnMacrobrachium gangeticum(Bate)

“…olfersii . Similar studies on the embryonic development of various other Macrobrachium species have been reported, such as in M. rosenbergii (Ling, ), M. kistnensis (Nagabhushanam & Kulkarni, ), M. amazonicum and M. jelskii (Gamba, ), M olfersi and M. potiuna (Müller, Ammar, & Nazari, ), M. acanthurus (Müller, Pacheco, Simoes‐Costa, Ammar, & Nazari, ), M. nipponense (Zhao, Zhao, & Zeng, ), M. americanum (Garcia‐Guerrero & Hendrickx, ) and M. occidentale (García Guerrero & Sandoval, ). The main features related to the embryogenesis of crustaceans are centrolecithal eggs and superficial cleavage, which are easily recognized in the morphology of the naupliar and post‐naupliar embryos (Anderson, ).…”

Experimental culture of the river prawn Macrobrachium americanum larvae (Bate, 1868), with emphasis on feeding and stocking density effect on survival

“…During egg development, the egg mass on berried females of M. americanum could get infected by fungi or parasites (García-Guerrero, 2009;García-Guerrero & Hendrickx, 2009). In the wild, females clean and groom the eggs and remove those which are dead or infected (García-Guerrero, 2009).…”

“…Berried females were placed in individual 50 L plastic tray tanks and eggs were monitored. Hatching was verified as described by García-Guerrero & Hendrickx (2009). At 48 h before hatching, females were transferred into 150 L plastic tanks filled with freshwater at 28°C and continuous aeration to maintain dissolved oxygen levels >6 mg L -1 .…”

“…The first assay determined if females should be collected from the wild with recently-produced eggs or eggs close to hatching, based on egg clutch appearance and hatching rate. Several females were captured with eggs at initial or late developmental stages, as described by García-Guerrero & Hendrickx (2009). Only larvae coming from females collected with eggs close to hatching were included in subsequent assays, because females with recently-produced eggs developped infections.…”

Oxygen Consumption of the Prawn Macrobrachium americanum over the Temperature Range of its Native Environment and in Relation to its Weight

“…to the western continental rivers of the Americas (Hendrickx 1995) with culture potential (García-Guerrero and Apun 2008). However, few studies have been published on the culture of this species (Monaco 1975;Ruiz et al 1996;García-Guerrero and Apun 2008;García-Guerrero 2009García-Guerrero and Hendrickx 2009). Establishing the dissolved oxygen requirements for this species is one of the main unresolved concerns that have not been studied.…”