External Carbohydrates in Growth and Respiration of Pollen Tubes In vitro

O'Kelley, Joseph C.

doi:10.2307/2438569

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…As early as 1830 it was recognized that pollen grains must receive nutrition from the stylar tissue (Amici, 1830; cited in Cruden and Lyon, 1985). More recently, carbon labeling studies clearly demonstrate that microgametophytes are using external substrates for pollen tube construction (O' Kelley, 1955;Johri and Vasil, 1961;Campbell and Ascher, 1975;Vasil, 1974). Although pollen is known to contain storage materials (Todd and Bretherick, 1942;Baker and Baker, 1983), it is thought that these are used large-TABLE 8.…”

Section: Pollen Resource Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Pollen Size, Fertilization Ability, and Postfertilization Siring Ability in Erythronium grandiflorum

Cruzan¹

1990

Evolution

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The mean volume of pollen grains and total pollen production varied both within and among plants of Erythronium grandiflorum. The second flowers of two-flowered plants tended to produce smaller and fewer grains than first flowers, but there was no overall relationship between mean pollen grain size and production per flower. I evaluated the effects of pollen size differences within and among plants on two components of male reproductive success: pollen tube growth and postfertilization siring ability.Pollen tubes grown in media were longer for second flowers, but were not correlated with the mean size ofpollen grains, suggesting that (1) internal resource content ofpollen (i.e., carbohydrates plus lipids) was not associated with the hydrated size of pollen, and that (2) pollen from second flowers contained more resources. I analyzed the growth rate and the fertilization ability of pollen growing in styles. Growth rate differed among donors and recipients, but no effects of pollen or donor characters (i.e., pollen production, grain size, and flower position) were detected. In single donor pollinations, pollen size was negatively correlated with fertilization ability across donors, and positively correlated with postfertilization siring ability of donors. A second experiment used pairs of donors; within-plant differences in pollen size and flower position had effects similar to the single donor experiment on fertilization ability, but among-plant differences were not significant. The results corroborate earlier experiments that suggest that the growth of pollen tubes in the style is probably controlled by the recipient, since donor characters had minimal effects on pollen fertilization ability.Postfertilization siring ability was not affected by within-plant differences in mean grain size and production. For among-donor differences, the number of seeds set for each donor was positively correlated with the mean grain volume, and when a donor producing large pollen fertilized ovules in an ovary, there was increased seed abortion for seeds in the same ovary sired by a second donor. In addition, the total number of seeds produced by a fruit was decreased when both donors had large pollen, apparently due to increased postfertilization abortion. Postfertilization processes appear to be influenced by paternal differences that are expressed through competition among developing seeds for maternal resources.

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Section: Pollen Resource Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Pollen Size, Fertilization Ability, and Postfertilization Siring Ability in Erythronium grandiflorum

Cruzan¹

1990

Evolution

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“…In general, they have been found to be ineffective, e.g. for the culture of the moss Ceratodon purpureus (Robbins, 1918); for the in vitro germination of the pollen of Lonicera japonica, Tecojna radicans and tobacco (O'Kelley, 1955); and for the growth of excised tomato roots (Eerguson, Street and David, 1958) and carrot explants (Pollard, Shatz and Steward, 1961). Also mannitol would not support the in vitro culture of the parasitic angiosperm, Striga se?iegalensis (Okonkwo, 1964).…”

Section: Heterotrophic Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar Alcohols (Polyols) in Fungi and Green Plants

Lewis

Smith²

1967

New Phytologist

441

186

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“…Although Binder and Ballantyne (1975) found a strong correlation between male fertility and respiration during in vitro germination of pollen of the gymnosperm Pseudotsuga menziesii, Hoekstra and Bruinsma (1975) reported that in low-germinating bi-and tri-cellular pollen from several plant species (including the bicellular pollen of Lycopersicon peruvianum), respiratory activity quickly ceased during incubation and total production of CO 2 was low. Additionally, O'Kelley (1955) and Hellmers and Machlis (1956) showed that the exogenously-supplied sugars that stimulated in vitro germination of Tecoma radicans and Pinus ponderosa pollen, also enhanced respiration, whereas sugars that are not utilized for germination did not affect respiration. The availability of respiratory substrates, ADP and/or inorganic phosphate are considered to be the principal factors limiting the respiration rate of both bi-and tri-cellular pollen (Dickinson 1967;Vasil 1987), whereas in bicellular pollen grains the operation of a non-phosphorylating alternative oxidase does not significantly affect the total respiration rate (Hoekstra and Bruinsma 1980;Tukeeva et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of substrate, ADP and uncoupler on the respiration of tomato pollen during incubation in vitro at moderately high temperature

et al. 2009

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Pollen of tomato cv. Supermarmande was collected from greenhouse-grown plants at various intervals throughout the year and arbitrarily classified as of high, medium or low respiratory activity on the basis of CO(2) production during 8 h incubation in vitro at 30 degrees C, a temperature that is considered to be moderately high for tomato fruit set. After an initial burst of respiration during the first stage of hydration at 30 degrees C (>1 h), the respiration rate of pollen of all three categories declined, the decrease being greater in the lots with a low or medium respiratory activity than in the high category. During hydration (10 min after the start of incubation), the addition of succinate or reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to the substrate increased the respiratory rate of slowly-respiring pollen more than that of fast-respiring pollen, but carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) had less effect. After 1-4 h incubation, the respiration rate of the slow- or medium-respiring pollen lots had decreased, but was stimulated by succinate or NADH, and to a lesser degree by ADP. By 7 h, the respiration rate of all pollen lots had declined and was stimulated less by substrate, ADP or CCCP. The oxidation of NADH by tomato pollen contrasts with the failure of other pollen species to utilize this substrate; moreover, a synergistic effect of NADH and succinate was consistently observed. We conclude that the decline in respiration during incubation for up to 4 h at 30 degrees C may reflect a lack of respiratory substrate. After 7 h, however, the decreased response to substrate indicates a loss of mitochondrial integrity or an accumulation of metabolic inhibitors. It is concluded that at 30 degrees C (a moderately high temperature for tomato pollen), the initially high rate of respiration leads to exhaustion of the endogenous respiratory substrates (particularly in pollen with low to medium respiratory activity), but subsequently to ageing and a loss of mitochondrial activity.

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External Carbohydrates in Growth and Respiration of Pollen Tubes In vitro

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Variation in Pollen Size, Fertilization Ability, and Postfertilization Siring Ability in Erythronium grandiflorum

Variation in Pollen Size, Fertilization Ability, and Postfertilization Siring Ability in Erythronium grandiflorum

Sugar Alcohols (Polyols) in Fungi and Green Plants

The effect of substrate, ADP and uncoupler on the respiration of tomato pollen during incubation in vitro at moderately high temperature

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