External auditory exostoses and prehistoric aquatic resource procurement

Villotte, Sébastien; Knüsel, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.05.013

Cited by 12 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The first author recorded the presence or absence of EAE in adolescent and adult individuals within each site sample. Nonadults under 15 years of age were excluded from the study samples due to the low likelihood that these growths would form during childhood (Hrdlička, ; Paddock, Lau, Raghavan, & Dritsoula, ; Villotte & Knüsel, ). The clinically observed tendency for EAE to form principally after the first and before the seventh decades of life (Hrdlička, , pp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, it is important to consider that EAE can also result from general otitis externa—an inflammation or infection of the ear canal not always caused by exposure to water (Godde, ; Hutchinson, Denise, Daniel, & Kalmus, ). Yet infectious causation of EAE, when present, likely comprises only a small proportion of the overall sample (Villotte & Knüsel, ). Archaeologically, occasional references to exostoses in the ear canals of the ancient inhabitants of tropical and subtropical regions underline the observation that cold atmospheric temperatures are not required in the formation of these extra bony accretions (Kennedy, ; Okumura, Boyadjian, & Eggers, ; Okumura, Boyadjian, & Eggers, ; Okumura et al, ; Velasco‐Vazquez, Betancor‐Rodriguez, Arnay‐De‐La Rosa, & Gonzalez‐Reimers, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama

Smith-Guzmán

Cooke

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The appearance of external auditory exostoses archaeologically has been attributed to aquatic activities in middle latitudes. However, recent clinical research implicates low sea surface temperatures, especially below a threshold of 19 C, as a stronger predictor of ear exostosis development than latitude. Here, we examine the frequency of external auditory exostoses in human remains from nine pre-Columbian archaeological sites in Panama, representing individuals from a warm, tropical region. Materials and methods:External auditory exostoses were recorded as present when an abnormal bony growth was observed macroscopically within the ear canal. The presence of exostoses was compared by right and left side, geographical region, sex, and degree of stenosis.Results: A total of 125 adult individuals made up the observable sample analyzed in this study.Exostoses were observed in seven males and one female. All individuals affected by this pathology were excavated from mortuary contexts along the Gulf of Panama-a region characterized by intense cold water upwelling in the dry season.Discussion: This study suggests that external auditory exostoses in pre-Columbian Panama affected individuals involved in habitual aquatic activities in the cold, upwelled waters of the Gulf of Panama. These activities appear to be almost exclusively dominated by male individuals.Ethnohistorical and archaeological records point to marine shell resource acquisition by deepwater diving as the activity driving exostosis development in pre-Columbian Panama. K E Y W O R D Sactivity markers, auditory exostosis, diving, Panama, upwelling

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama

Smith-Guzmán

Cooke

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…En base a estos resultados, si bien no es posible descartar por completo que el contacto con el agua haya influido en el desarrollo de EAE en estos individuos, no permite explicar la prevalencia similar encontrada en otros contextos asociados a economías terrestres y en sitios del interior de Patagonia Austral. Por el contrario, la posible combinación con otros factores, como el viento y la baja temperatura ambiental, podrían explicar la presencia de EAE en individuos con economías terrestres y recuperados en sitios del interior (Villotte y Knüsel, 2015). Sumado a la temperatura ambiental, la acción del viento Oeste/Sudoeste como un factor constante y con velocidades que pueden llegar hasta los 100km/h durante algunos días del año (Goode, 2009), este tipo de ambiente pudo haber actuado de modo refrigerante sobre el conducto auditivo externo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Exostosis auditiva externa en individuos adultos del holoceno tardío (1500 AP - siglo XIX) en Patagonia Austral

Pandiani

Suby

Santos³

2018

RevArgAntropBiol

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La exostosis auditiva externa (EAE) es una elevación ósea del conducto auditivo externo. Se asocia con la exposición a aguas frías, aunque también con bajas temperaturas, viento, traumas e infecciones repetitivas. Su prevalencia fue poco estudiada en poblaciones del pasado en Patagonia Austral. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la frecuencia de EAE de acuerdo con la región, sexo, edad de muerte y tipo de economía en una muestra de 24 cráneos de individuos adultos (18 masculinos, 5 femeninos y uno indeterminado) pertenecientes al Holoceno Tardío. Se determinó la presencia, tamaño, localización, forma y lateralidad de la EAE. El 79,2% (n=19) de los individuos analizados presentó EAE, bilateral en el 56, 3% (9/16), en general, de tamaño pequeño y mediano (73,7% y 21,1%, respectivamente). La EAE resultó más frecuente en individuos masculinos y adultos medios, sin presentar diferencias significativas. La prevalencia de EAE fue mayor en esqueletos asociados a dietas terrestres (58,3%), en especial, en los de Santa Cruz/Magallanes (33,3%) y norte de Tierra del Fuego (25%), aunque sin diferencias significativas, mientras que en la costa y el interior son similares. Los resultados preliminares sugieren una combinación de factores ambientales (agua fría, viento y temperatura) como causa de la EAE en Patagonia Austral, aunque son necesarias evaluaciones sobre muestras más amplias y acotadas temporalmente.

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“…In a study conducted with 323 skulls (179 male, 129 female and 15 of undetermined sex) (Velasco-Vázquez et al 2000), 40.21% of the individuals from the coast showed this anomaly (39 of 97), while that only 0.88% of the natives of the interior presented this disease (2 of 226). This marker consists of a bone anomaly that occurs in the auditory canal as a response to daily contact with the cold water of the sea, and is considered a marker of water-related activities that today frequently affects surfers, divers and shellfishers (Velasco-Vázquez et al 2000;Villotte & Knüsel 2016). In coastal skulls affected by auditory exostosis, there were no significant variations according to the sex of the skeletons (n = 27/179, 15.08% in men; n = 14/129, 10.85% in women), which suggests that there were no gender differences in the performance of activities related to the marine environment (Velasco-Vázquez et al 2000).…”

Section: ; Santanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the risks accompanying child-bearing in aboriginal society on Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, 13th–15th cal. CE): death of a pregnant woman during her third trimester

Cabrera

Alamón-Núñez²,

Barroso³

et al. 2019

homo

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Citation for published item: ntnEgrerD tonthn nd elm¡ onEx¡ u£ nezD wrth nd elertoEfrrosoD er¡ oni nd helgdoEhrisD eres @PHIWA 9ixploring the risks ompnying hildEering in originl soiety on qrn gnri @gnry sslndsD IQth!ISth lF giA X deth of pregnnt womn during her third trimesterF9D rywyFD UH @IAF ppF RSESTF Further information on publisher's website: httpsXGGdoiForgGIHFIIPUGhomoGPHIWGIHII Publisher's copyright statement:This article has been published under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC license, which allows free distribution, but prohibits commercial expoitation. Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.Abstract: In the pre-Hispanic necropolis of Juan Primo, northwest Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) a grave was found containing a 20-25 year-old woman with a foetus in her abdominal region, whose age at death was estimated at 33-35 weeks of gestation. The purpose of this study is to discuss the possible cause of death of the woman and foetus. Skeletons of both individuals were well preserved, permitting a good record of the bones found in the burial, which is compatible with a pregnancy at preterm. The age of the foetus and the position of the left upper limb raise the possibility that their death was the result of a difficult birth (dystocia). However, a number of alternative disorders can be put forward to explain this death in the third trimester of pregnancy, such as eclampsia and abruption placentae. In this case, pertinent ethnohistorical and osteoarchaeological information about the ancient canaries allows us to assess some of the stressors that would increase their maternal mortality. The lack of similar evidence in archaeological contexts makes this an important finding, providing a likely case of obstetric problems and their impact on pre-industrial societies.

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External auditory exostoses and prehistoric aquatic resource procurement

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama

Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama

Exostosis auditiva externa en individuos adultos del holoceno tardío (1500 AP - siglo XIX) en Patagonia Austral

Exploring the risks accompanying child-bearing in aboriginal society on Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, 13th–15th cal. CE): death of a pregnant woman during her third trimester

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