Extensor tendons of the fingers: Arrangement and variations‐ii

el-Badawi, M G; Butt, M. M.; Al-Zuhair, A. G. H.; Fadel, Raouf

doi:10.1002/ca.980080604

Cited by 65 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Previous reports record an equal incidence of EDM between right and left forearms. 4,5 However, in this study, the EDM was prevalent on the left forearm than on the right forearm at a ratio of 5:2. Some reports indicate that a bilateral presence of EDM is a rare occurrence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…Previous investigators have reported its prevalence ranging from 1% to 12% of cadavers. 2,[4][5][6][7][8]10 The current report shows the prevalence is at the middle of this range (7.4%). A higher incidence is reported by von Schroeder and Botte, 4 with a 12% prevalence of the EDM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…2,[4][5][6][7][8]10 According to Abu-Hijleh, "No clinical or surgical cases of such occurrence have been reported and therefore it is doubtful whether an accurate estimate of the prevalence of EDM can be made." 2 However, Pfeiffer 11 discovered an EDM while operating on the hand of a 28-year-old patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,[4][5][6][7][8][9] The purpose of this study is to report the presence of the EDM in cadavers in the anatomy dissection laboratory and to ascertain their frequency, bilaterality, innervation, and sex differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The presence of extensor digiti medii muscle—anatomical variant

Carlos

Goubran

Ayad

2011

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: This study reports the presence of the extensor digiti medii muscle (EDM) in a population of cadavers dissected by students at a chiropractic college anatomy laboratory and determines its frequency, bilaterality, innervation, and sex differences. Methods: Dissection of upper extremities of 47 human cadavers (24 males, 23 females) was conducted. Both upper extremities were examined for bilaterality. The long extensor tendons were exposed, separated, and cut to expose the EDM. Identifying the innervation of the variant muscle was attempted. The specimens were then photographed. Results: In this report, the prevalence of EDM is at 7.4%. The EDM was discovered in 5 male cadavers and 1 female cadaver (5:1 ratio). It also revealed that the EDM was prevalent on the left forearm than on the right forearm at a ratio of 5:2. Out of the 47 cadavers studied in this report, only one was observed to have EDM bilaterally (2.1%). In 2 cadavers, the EDM appeared to be supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve. The branch piercing through the extensor indicis muscle continued to give off a small branch entering the belly of the EDM. Conclusion: The findings obtained in this report support previous observations regarding its prevalence in males more than females. The report also shows that the EDM occurs more in the left forearm than the right forearm as opposed to other reports of equal incidence between left and right forearms. This report also supports one previous study showing that the posterior interosseous nerve innervates the EDM.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The presence of extensor digiti medii muscle—anatomical variant

Carlos

Goubran

Ayad

2011

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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“…el-Badawi et al reported 2 to 6 ED tendon and 3 to 8 tendons proximal & distal to the extensor retinaculum respectively [11]. In our study, the number ED tendons varied from 3 to 6 proximally and 3 to 7 distal to extensor retinaculum (ER).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

N¹

2017

IJAR

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Study of extensor tendons in forearm, dorsum of hand and their intertendinous connections was conducted in 70 upper limbs (35 right and 35 left) from Govt. Thoothukudi Medical College, Tamilnadu, India. Variations in the extensor tendons of fingers, both proximal and distal to the extensor retinaculum were analyzed. The arrangement of extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons were traced up to base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion at the level of proximal as well as base of phalanx, they were found to be single or doubled. Extensor indicis were single tendon in most of the specimens. The extensor digitorum gave off single tendon to the index finger, double tendons to the middle finger and triple tendons to the ring finger. The extensor digiti minimi often had single or double tendon to the little finger distal to extensor retinaculum, in those cases contribution from the extensor digitorum tendon slip to the little finger were absent. Three types of juncturae tendinum were identified between the tendons of extensor digitorum in the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th inter metacarpal spaces of hands. The extensor indicis tendon was always observed to lack juncturae tendinum. Type I juncturae tendinum was seen in the 1 st inter metacarpal space. Type II was seen in the 3 rd intermetacarpal space. Type III was identified in the 4 th intermetacarpal space. Knowledge of these variations may help surgeons while performing tendon repair or transfer. Surgeons should keep in mind about the existence of these variations for better diagnosis and reconstructive procedures.

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Extensor digitorum brevis manus: Anatomical, radiological and clinical relevance: A Review

et al. 2002

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The extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) is a supernumerary muscle in the dorsum of the hand frequently misdiagnosed as a dorsal wrist ganglion, exostosis, tendon sheath cyst or synovitis. Its presence in a living subject, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is presented together with a review of the hitherto reported cases and the results of an anatomical study on 128 adult human cadavers (59 males and 69 females). The EDBM was found in three (2.3%) of the 128 cadavers. It occurred in two (3.4%) of the 59 male cadavers (one bilateral and one unilateral on the right side) and in one (1.5%) of the 69 female cadavers (unilateral on the left side). Consequently, the EDBM was found in four (1.6%) of the 256 upper limbs. It originated from the dorsal wrist capsule within the compartment deep to the extensor retinaculum for the extensor digitorum and inserted into the extensor hood of the index finger in one case and into that of the middle finger in three cases. In both hands of the living subject, the origin was similar but the insertion was into the index and middle fingers. In all cases, it was innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve and its blood supply was provided by the posterior interosseous artery.

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Extensor tendons of the fingers: Arrangement and variations‐ii

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

The presence of extensor digiti medii muscle—anatomical variant

The presence of extensor digiti medii muscle—anatomical variant

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

Extensor digitorum brevis manus: Anatomical, radiological and clinical relevance: A Review

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