Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Myanmar: burden and mutations causing second-line drug resistance

M.W., Perroud Junior; Aung, Wah Wah; Nyunt, Wint Wint; Swe, Thyn Lei; Htwe, Mi Mi; Win, Su Mon; Aung, Si Thu; Chang, Chulhun L.; Lee, H. Y.; Lee, J. S.

doi:10.5588/ijtld.17.0321

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The relationship of Beijing genotype and drug resistance may have a certain tendency for acquiring drug resistance which seems to be widely distributed (but not universal) [24]. In Myanmar, other previous studies have described that the Beijing genotypes in MDR and XDR populations are highly prevalent [25,26]. In the present study, the association between Beijing strains and MDR was highly significance (pvalue < 0.001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar

Sann

Namwat

Faksri

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping are the useful molecular tools for TB epidemiology study. Information regarding genetic diversity and tuberculosis (TB) transmission in Upper Myanmar only is scares. Methodology: We determined the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TB transmission from Upper Myanmar TB Reference Laboratory, Mandalay Region, including Mandalay (72), Shan (22), Magway (15), Sagaing (13), Nay Pyi Taw (8), Kachin (7), Chin (2) and Kayah (1). One hundred and forty Mtb isolates were genotyped using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping. Lineage classification and TB transmission analysis were performed. Results: 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing identified 135 unique profiles and two clusters compared to 35 spoligotyping profiles which contained 12 clusters and 23 unique isolates, Beijing (n=100, 71.4%) was found to be prominent lineage by combine two methods. The expected proportion attributable to recent transmission based on clustering rate was 2.1%. One cluster case was more likely to be in MDR patient. Conclusions: Our findings showed Beijing genotypes were dominant in Upper Myanmar. The usage and analysis of 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing might prove useful for our broader understanding of TB outbreaks and epidemiology than spoligotyping. The genotypic pattern of this combined method suggests that the lower transmission rate may be due to a higher possibility of reactivation cases in Upper Myanmar.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar

Sann

Namwat

Faksri

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mutation a1401g in the rrs-F2 gene is reported as the most prominent mutation causing cross-resistance among SLID. 20,45,46 This mutation was also found in the XDR + isolate conferring resistance to all the 3 SLID tested. In our study, cross-resistance was detected in 4/5 SLIDresistant isolates and 3 of them carried the a1401g mutation, in agreement with previous reports.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Regarding the spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing, the dominant genotype was Beijing, representing 81.3% of pre-XDR and 100% of XDR isolates, in agreement with previous reports in Cambodia and other parts of the world. 38,42,43,46 MIRU-VNTR profiles were heterogeneous with 22 genotypes out of 23 isolates. One cluster of two isolates belonged to the Beijing family (DR_002-XDR -2016 and DR_007-pre-XDR-2012).…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Second-Line Anti-TB Drugs in Cambodia: A Phenotypic and Genetic Study

Cheng¹,

Hide²,

Pheng³

et al. 2021

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Due to the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) clinical isolates resistant to most potent first-line drugs (FLD), second-line drugs (SLD) are being prescribed more frequently. We explore the genetic characteristics and molecular mechanisms of M.tb isolates phenotypically resistant to SLD, including pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates. Methods: Drug-resistant (DR) M.tb isolates collected from 2012 to 2017 were tested using sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. Genotypes were determined to explore their links with SLD resistance patterns. Results: Of the 272 DR M.tb isolates, 6 non-multidrug resistant (non-MDR) isolates were fluoroquinolones (FQ)-resistant, 3 were XDR and 16 were pre-XDR (14 resistant to FQ and 2 to second-line injectable drugs). The most frequent mutations in FQ-resistant and secondline injectable drugs resistant isolates were gyrA D94G (15/23) and rrs a1401g (3/5), respectively. Seventy-five percent of pre-XDR isolates and 100% of XDR isolates harbored mutations conferring resistance to pyrazinamide. All XDR isolates belonged to the Beijing genotype, of which one, named XDR+, was resistant to all drugs tested. One cluster including pre-XDR and XDR isolates was observed. Conclusion: This is the first description of SLD resistance in Cambodia. The data suggest that the proportion of XDR and pre-XDR isolates remains low but is on the rise compared to previous reports. The characterization of the XDR+ isolate in a patient who refused treatment underlines the risk of transmission in the population. In addition, genotypic results show, as expected, that the Beijing family is the main involved in pre-XDR and XDR isolates and that the spread of the Beijing pre-XDR strain is capable of evolving into XDR strain. This study strongly indicates the need for rapid interventions in terms of diagnostic and treatment to prevent the spread of the pre-XDR and XDR strains and the emergence of more resistant ones.

show abstract

“…Repeated follow-up at short intervals may be helpful for prevention of an infected wound and scarring. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance can occur because of poor personal and environmental hygiene and ready access to antibiotics over the counter without a prescription 33) . Consequently, antibiotic resistance is one of the health problems in Myanmar 34) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Aesthetic Double Eyelid Surgery: Challenges and the First Clinical Outcome Study in Myanmar

Mizuno

2021

Juntendo Medical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Upper blepharoplasty surgery includes both esthetic and functional considerations. Double eyelid surgery is one of the most commonly performed facial plastic and esthetic surgical procedures in Asia. Although correctly performed procedures are esthetically pleasing for patients, there are many potential complications and complaints that need to be avoided. Myanmar is a country where there are many ethnic groups and people of different cultures, appearance, and preferences. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical techniques and the outcome in a limited medical environment in Myanmar.Methods: Three hundred and four patients (37 men, 267 women) who underwent double eyelid surgery were enrolled in the study. The double eyelid fold was created by placing and attaching three points between the dermis and levator aponeurosis. The directions of eyelash lines were then adjusted to be inverted approximately 100° upwards on both sides. Satisfactory outcomes were assessed by contacting and surveying the patients' feedback via telephone whereas functional outcomes were assessed by measuring marginal reflex distance (MRD1) who could visit back to the clinic. Results:The incisional technique healed very rapidly and looked natural within 1 month in young patients but only looked natural after 2 to 6 months in the elders. The MRD1 was increased on postoperative measurement of all patients (p<0.05).Nearly all the patients were aesthetically satisfied with the result by 6 months postoperatively. Conclusions:The outcomes were esthetically satisfying with functional improvement. This is the first retrospective clinical outcome study of double eyelid surgery in Myanmar.

show abstract

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Myanmar: burden and mutations causing second-line drug resistance

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar

Resistance to Second-Line Anti-TB Drugs in Cambodia: A Phenotypic and Genetic Study

Functional and Aesthetic Double Eyelid Surgery: Challenges and the First Clinical Outcome Study in Myanmar

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About