Extensive Comparison of Solar Modules Manufactured with Single and Double Printed Cells

Galiazzo, M.; Voltan, A.; Bertazzo, M.; Tao, Wenjun; Zhang, Xi; Shi, Jia; Zhang, Duchao; Zhiyan, Hu; Wang, Jianming

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.074

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Ohm's law in (2), where 𝐶𝑆𝐴 𝑖 is the cross-section area at the 𝑖-pixel and 𝜌 𝑓 is the gridline resistivity, which is assumed of 2.7 • 10 −8 Ω•m in accordance to available data for silver paste [ 9 , 23 ].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is why inline controls become a challenge, and the feasibility of correlating morphology to functional properties of engineered surfaces is of great importance today [ 1 ]. Solar cell manufacturers constantly increase efficiency (i) by printing narrow finger in order to limit the shading effects on the photoactive surface and (ii) by improving their metallization processes, trying simultaneously to reduce paste consumption for saving processing costs [ 2 ]. To date, the screen printing of electric front contacts has got very high throughput (one cell is printed in a few seconds), with expected further increments of the wafers per hour by the continuous improvement of manufacturing processes [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical measurements of morphology-to-functional parameters on electrical contacts of photovoltaic cells

Bellotti

Furin

Marsura

et al. 2019

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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Traceable parameters for determining the relationship between texture, form, sizes and resistance behaviour of functional surfaces' features, such as screen-printed electrodes with grids of different design either on c-Si photovoltaic cells and on a ceramic substrate, are studied in this work. Test samples with electrodes of various sizes, suitable to study surface features in a wide measurement range, have been characterized by optical-confocal profilometry and by resistance measurements with dense data sampling. Quantitative measurements of these printed lines in terms of descriptors like the cross-section area and its variations along the segment, and of the top-profile roughness, scaling of roughness, and fractal dimension are presented and discussed either for photovoltaic cells and test structures. A good agreement between the resistance calculated from optical-based 3D morphology measurements and local resistance measurements on these electrodes is demonstrated.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical measurements of morphology-to-functional parameters on electrical contacts of photovoltaic cells

Bellotti

Furin

Marsura

et al. 2019

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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“…YINGLI Solar adopted a dual printing technology for the mass production of sub-50 μm finger width and achieved a cell efficiency of 17.93%. However, such printing techniques require an alignment accuracy of 10 μm (±3 sigma) to meet the industrial standards . Therefore, even though such printing techniques have an advantage of adopting the less-silver process, major solar cell manufacturers could not adopt the dual printing technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such printing techniques require an alignment accuracy of 10 μm (±3 sigma) to meet the industrial standards. 8 Therefore, even though such printing techniques have an advantage of adopting the less-silver process, major solar cell manufacturers could not adopt the dual printing technique. Other metallization methods such as inkjet printing, pad printing, stencil printing, and aerosol jet printing also have been recently explored for narrow Ag finger electrodes for front side metallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of Micropatterned, Narrow Line-Width Ni–Cu–Sn Front Contact Grid Pattern Using Maskless Direct-Write Lithography for Industrial Silicon Solar Cells

Aleem

Vishnuraj

Krishnan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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An industry-ready strategic process for the fabrication of cost-effective, micropatterned Ni–Cu–Sn front contact metallization has been demonstrated using maskless direct-write lithography, which could effectively reduce the shadow loss and thereby enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells by increasing the active area. This investigation also addresses the challenging issues in Ni–Cu–Sn metallization, such as adhesion of the seed layer, low-ohmic contact formation, background plating, and cell processing complications. An eco-friendly aluminum paste with a sheet resistivity of 35 mΩ/cm2 has been developed to fabricate the rear contact on silicon solar cells. A front contact metallization grid with an optimal narrow finger width of 20 μm with an interfinger spacing of 1000 μm has been micropatterned using maskless direct-write lithography for the metallization process. To improve the electrical and mechanical properties of the nickel seed layer, the thickness was optimized as ∼100 nm with a contact resistivity of 6.87 μΩ cm2, which exhibited an adhesion strength of 2.5 N/mm. A low ohmic contact intermediate silicide layer has been created at the Ni–Si interface by the rapid thermal annealing process at 420 °C for 90 s with subsequent copper and tin electroplating to form the Ni–Cu–Sn contacts. An average cell efficiency of 18.5% is achieved for silicon solar cells with a micropatterned Ni–Cu–Sn-based narrow line-width front contact grid design, which could exhibit an ∼1% cell efficiency enhancement as compared to commercial Ag screen-printed solar cells. An ∼6% improvement in cell performance is achieved by reducing the shadow loss with the Ni–Cu–Sn-based front contact metallization as compared to the commercial Ag screen-printed metallization.

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“…Some studies have focused on the energy potential and the technical and economic viability of solar power plants in different regions of the country [7][8][9]. In addition, the performance of different solar panel technologies was evaluated [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Photovoltaic Generation in the Putumayo Department of Colombia

et al. 2021

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The potential for generating electricity with photovoltaic systems is high in Colombia given its geographical position in the tropic. Some departments in Colombia have low electricity coverage and high rates. In the department of Putumayo there is a low coverage rate and high energy costs, while the solar radiation potential is high. Due to the geographical differences of the Putumayo subregions, the radiation potential for electricity generation is unknown. In addition, in this department the energy tariffs are above the national average. The objective of this paper is to determine the effective potential for solar photovoltaic power generation in the Putumayo department with a detailed methodology considering the information of different remote database and meteorological stations and some technical conditions. It was found that the highest effective solar potential occurs in the Amazon region, and the lowest in the Andean region in the Putumayo. On the other hand, when evaluating electricity consumption and tariffs in the regions, it is concluded that consumption can be satisfied with photovoltaic systems by producing self-generating electricity and distributed generation.

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Extensive Comparison of Solar Modules Manufactured with Single and Double Printed Cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Optical measurements of morphology-to-functional parameters on electrical contacts of photovoltaic cells

Optical measurements of morphology-to-functional parameters on electrical contacts of photovoltaic cells

Realization of Micropatterned, Narrow Line-Width Ni–Cu–Sn Front Contact Grid Pattern Using Maskless Direct-Write Lithography for Industrial Silicon Solar Cells

Potential of Photovoltaic Generation in the Putumayo Department of Colombia

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