“…A study in the Netherlands showed that antibiotic-resistance genes may be transmitted from poultry through the food chain to humans who are in close contact with them, as similar ESBL-producing isolates have been found in poultry meat and humans that are in close contact ( Leverstein-van Hall et al, 2011 ). In this study, the overall prevalence of ESBL genes in K. pneumoniae isolates was 100% (n = 33), a proportion that is higher than: that of a Shandong broiler slaughterhouse, where 96.67% (87/90) were ESBL-producing strains ( Wu et al, 2016 ); the ESBL production rate of a healthy meat and poultry farm in India (1/20, 5%) ( Bhardwaj et al, 2021 ); that of broiler liver from Algeria, where the proportion of ESBL isolates was 3.70% ( Chenouf et al, 2021 ); and Germany's separation rate of chicken meat, which was 17.50% (35/200) ( Eibach et al, 2018 ). The most common ESBL genes were bla SHV (n = 31/33, 93.94%), bla OXA64gp (n = 30/33, 90.91%), and bla TEM (n = 21/33, 63.64%).…”