Extended Skill Learning

Baggs, Edward; Raja, Vicente; Anderson, Michael L.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01956

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Our claim is not that CFC fully explains both low-level sensorimotor coordination processes and musical rhythms, only that it provides a so-called enabling constraint [36]. In this sense, intrinsic neural dynamics understood as an enabling constraint act as predispositions that facilitate and bias the emergence of rhythmic behaviour but do not completely determine it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-frequency coupling explains the preference for simple ratios in rhythmic behaviour and the relative stability across non-synchronous patterns

Dotov

Trainor

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Rhythms are important for understanding coordinated behaviours in ecological systems. The repetitive nature of rhythms affords prediction, planning of movements and coordination of processes within and between individuals. A major challenge is to understand complex forms of coordination when they differ from complete synchronization. By expressing phase as ratio of a cycle, we adapted levels of the Farey tree as a metric of complexity mapped to the range between in-phase and anti-phase synchronization. In a bimanual tapping task, this revealed an increase of variability with ratio complexity, a range of hidden and unstable yet measurable modes, and a rank-frequency scaling law across these modes. We use the phase-attractive circle map to propose an interpretation of these findings in terms of hierarchical cross-frequency coupling (CFC). We also consider the tendency for small-integer attractors in the single-hand repeated tapping of three-interval rhythms reported in the literature. The phase-attractive circle map has wider basins of attractions for such ratios. This work motivates the question whether CFC intrinsic to neural dynamics implements low-level priors for timing and coordination and thus becomes involved in phenomena as diverse as attractor states in bimanual coordination and the cross-cultural tendency for musical rhythms to have simple interval ratios. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology’.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-frequency coupling explains the preference for simple ratios in rhythmic behaviour and the relative stability across non-synchronous patterns

Dotov

Trainor

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Among the elements of Gibson's theory that researchers have suggested need to be modified so as to accommodate the social are: the concept of ecological information (for example, it is suggested that information can be shaped not only by laws of ecological physics but also by social convention, e.g. Barwise and Perry, 1983;Chemero, 2009;Bruineberg et al, 2019;Golonka, 2015; but see Baggs, 2015 for a dissenting view); the concept of affordances (Costall, 1995;Loveland, 1991;Pedersen and Bang, 2016;Rietveld and Kiverstein, 2014); the concepts of skills and shared practices (Baggs et al, 2020;Baggs and Chemero, 2020b;van Dijk and Rietveld, 2017); and the boundaries of the organism itself (for example, it is sometimes suggested that the individual organism can become incorporated into a larger group unit or superorganism; Anderson et al, 2012;Marsh et al, 2009;Harrison and Richardson, 2009;Riley et al, 2011). Finally, some theorists have proposed that we need to expand our account of the environment (Heft, 2001;Reed, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Affordances Are Social: Foundations of a Gibsonian Social Ontology

Baggs

2021

Ecological Psychology

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Ecological psychology is built on a perception-oriented ontology. The primary focus has been on explaining the perception and action behavior of individual animals. To accommodate social phenomena within the ecological approach, it is necessary to expand the ontology, however theorists have been unclear about how to do this. The paper presents a negative argument and a positive programmatic outline. The negative argument is against the use of the term 'social affordance', a term that confuses the perspective of the researcher with that of the animal. Instead, it is advocated that we adopt, as a working hypothesis, the claim that all affordances are social; that is, all affordances are public and are, in principle, observable by a third party. The programmatic outline then shows that affordances alone are insufficient for describing social meaning. An ecological social ontology requires new tools for describing interaction processes, symbolic meaning, and material culture as structures occurring within the populated environment.

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“…We hold that Dewey's theory of habit can be considered a natural ally for an ecological approach to skilled action. For instance, his claim that habits are ways of incorporating the environment (1922[2007], p. 15) fits well both with the ecological claim that the minimum unit of analysis is the animal-environment system, and with the more recent claim that skill learning extends to the environment (Baggs et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Neither mindful nor mindless, but minded: habits, ecological psychology, and skilled performance

Segundo-Ortin

Heras–Escribano

2021

Synthese

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A widely shared assumption in the literature about skilled motor behavior is that any action that is not blindly automatic and mechanical must be the product of computational processes upon mental representations. To counter this assumption, in this paper we offer a radical embodied (non-representational) account of skilled action that combines ecological psychology and the Deweyan theory of habits. According to our proposal, skilful performance can be understood as composed of sequences of mutually coherent, task-specific perceptual-motor habits. Such habits play a crucial role in simplifying both our exploration of the perceptual environment and our decision-making. However, we argue that what keeps habits situated, precluding them from becoming rote and automatic, are not mental representations but the agent's conscious attention to the affordances of the environment. It is because the agent is not acting on autopilot but constantly searching for new information for affordances that she can control her behavior, adapting previously learned habits to the current circumstances. We defend that our account provides the resources needed to understand how skilled action can be intelligent (flexible, adaptive, context-sensitive) without having any representational cognitive processes built into them.

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Extended Skill Learning

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Cross-frequency coupling explains the preference for simple ratios in rhythmic behaviour and the relative stability across non-synchronous patterns

Cross-frequency coupling explains the preference for simple ratios in rhythmic behaviour and the relative stability across non-synchronous patterns

All Affordances Are Social: Foundations of a Gibsonian Social Ontology

Neither mindful nor mindless, but minded: habits, ecological psychology, and skilled performance

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