“…Various risk factors such as smoking [25][26][27] hypoalbuminemia [28], ASA classification [25] obesity [29], weight loss [25], the number of comorbidities [30,31] as a [27,29], neoadjuvant radiation therapy/chemoradiation therapy [27,32,33] as a tumor-related factor, flap reconstruction [26,27] and extralevator APR [34,35] as an operation-related factor are reported risk factors for PWC after APR. Generally, SSI risk factors, including a prolonged operation time, extensive bleeding, intraoperative blood transfusion and other risk factors related to surgery, are well known.…”