Extended Lifetime of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Encapsulated with Titanium Sub‐Oxide as an ‘Active’ Passivation/Barrier Layer

Cho, Shinuk; Lee, Kwang-Hee; Heeger, Alan J.

doi:10.1002/adma.200803013

Cited by 98 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…TiO x synthesis followed previous reported procedures with slight modification. 43 0.75 mL of titanium(IV) isopropoxide, 3 mL of methoxyethanol, and 0.3 mL of ethanolamine were injected into a three-necked flask one by one at room temperature. The three-necked flask must be under continuous nitrogen flow, and the starting materials must be injected in the order.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion-Based RIR-MAPLE Deposition of Conjugated Polymers: Primary Solvent Effect and Its Implications on Organic Solar Cell Performance

McCormick

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Emulsion-based, resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) has been demonstrated as an alternative technique to deposit conjugated polymer films for photovoltaic applications; yet, a fundamental understanding of how the emulsion target characteristics translate into film properties and solar cell performance is unclear. Such understanding is crucial to enable the rational improvement of organic solar cell (OSC) efficiency and to realize the expected advantages of emulsionbased RIR-MAPLE for OSC fabrication. In this paper, the effect of the primary solvent used in the emulsion target is studied, both experimentally and theoretically, and it is found to determine the conjugated polymer cluster size in the emulsion as well as surface roughness and internal morphology of resulting polymer films. By using a primary solvent with low solubility-in-water and low vapor pressure, the surface roughness of deposited P3HT and PCPDTBT polymer films was reduced to 10 nm, and the efficiency of P3HT:PC 61 BM OSCs was increased to 3.2% (∼100 times higher compared to the first MAPLE OSC demonstration [Caricato, A. P.; et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 073306]). This work unveils the mechanism of polymer film formation using emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE and provides insight and direction to determine the best ways to take advantage of the emulsion target approach to control film properties for different applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion-Based RIR-MAPLE Deposition of Conjugated Polymers: Primary Solvent Effect and Its Implications on Organic Solar Cell Performance

McCormick

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…However, recent investigations have focused on solution processed metal oxide layers have emerged as an alternative to thermally deposited ETL 11 Furthermore, such metal oxide based ETLs are known to act as an optical spacer under appropriate conditions, further enhancing the device performance 4 . This route has also offered enhanced device satiability due to the moisture and oxygen scavenging nature of the metal oxides 12 .…”

Section: Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution processed reduced graphene oxide/metal oxide hybrid electron transport layers for highly efficient polymer solar cells

et al. 2013

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The solution to the all polymer solar cell that breaks the 10% efficiency barrier keeps getting closer, with ever more scrutiny on each component in the active device for better performance. Much effort has been expended on the hole transport layers and photo-active polymer blends in these solution deposited photovoltaic cells. In this study we examine the merits of incorporating solution deposited metal oxide and hybrid metal oxide/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based electron transport layers (ETL) with a view to providing further improvements to the PV cell architecture. Low bandgap active layer blends of [3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene (PTB7) and [6,6]-phenyl C70 butyric acid methyl fullerene (PC 70 BM) with efficiencies in excess of 7% are fabricated and the performance of four different ETL material systems based on TiO 2 , ZnO, TiO 2 /RGO, ZnO/RGO are compared to thermally evaporated optimised reference bathocuproine (BCP) PV devices. Hybrid metal oxide/RGO ETL incorporated solution processed devices show an improved device performance compared to metal oxide only devices, with the performance comparable to the thermally evaporated BCP with fill factors of 68% and short circuit currents reaching 15 mA/cm 2 . The enhanced performance of the RGO incorporated hybrid ETL points the way for novel transport layers for all solution processed devices. BodyGrowing concerns with regards to the diminishing supply of fossil fuels and the impact of such non-renewables on global warming has made solar energy generation an important area of research. Of the many types of solar-energy converting systems, organic photovoltaics have attracted significant interest due to their low cost, light weight and the printable nature on flexible substrates.

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“…In particular, sol-gel-derived TiO x thin films have been extensively tested as encapsulation layers for organic thin-film electronic and optoelectronic devices such as organic field-effect transistors, polymer light-emitting diodes, and organic photovoltaic cells [16,17]. Previous reports have demonstrated that TiO x thin films exhibit good barrier properties against oxygen and moisture in ambient air and that devices with TiO x encapsulation layers exhibit improved lifetimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced water vapor transmission rates of low-temperature-processed and sol-gel-derived titanium oxide thin films on flexible substrates

Park

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2016

Organic Electronics

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Extended Lifetime of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Encapsulated with Titanium Sub‐Oxide as an ‘Active’ Passivation/Barrier Layer

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

Emulsion-Based RIR-MAPLE Deposition of Conjugated Polymers: Primary Solvent Effect and Its Implications on Organic Solar Cell Performance

Emulsion-Based RIR-MAPLE Deposition of Conjugated Polymers: Primary Solvent Effect and Its Implications on Organic Solar Cell Performance

Solution processed reduced graphene oxide/metal oxide hybrid electron transport layers for highly efficient polymer solar cells

Reduced water vapor transmission rates of low-temperature-processed and sol-gel-derived titanium oxide thin films on flexible substrates

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