Extended flat voltage profile of hard carbon synthesized using a two-step carbonization approach as an anode in sodium ion batteries

Alvin, Stevanus; Yoon, Dohyeon; Chandra, Christian; Susanti, Ratna Frida; Chang, Wonyoung; Ryu, Changkook; Kim, Jaehoon

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.05.013

Cited by 67 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the origins of these D bands are controversial, and several plausible interpretations have been proposed. For example, it has been argued that the D1 band (≈1350 cm −1 ) originates from the vibrations of carbon atoms at defects in the graphite crystal and at the edges of graphite sheets, while the D3 band (≈1500 cm −1 ) is related to the short‐range sp3 carbon vibration of amorphous carbon, and the D4 band (≈1200 cm −1 ) is caused by the disordered graphitic lattice [20,25] . The obtained Raman spectra was divided into four bands: G, D1, D3, D4; and each peak intensity ratio ( I D1 / I G and I G / I D3 ) was calculated as shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Route for Increasing Intercalation Capacity of Hard Carbons as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hard carbon (HC) is the most promising candidate for sodium‐ion battery anode materials. Several material properties such as intensity ratio of the Raman spectrum, lateral size of HC crystallite (La), and interlayer distance (d002) have been discussed as factors affecting anode performance. However, these factors do not reflect the bulk property of the Na+ intercalation reaction directly, since Raman analysis has high surface sensitivity and La and d002 provide only one‐dimensional crystalline information. Herein, it was proposed that the crystallite interlayer area (Ai) defined using La, d002, and stacking height (Lc) governs Na+ intercalation behavior of various HCs. It was revealed that various wood‐derived HCs exhibited the similar total capacity of approximately 250 mAh g−1, whereas the Na+ intercalation capacity (Ci) was proportional to Ai with the correlation coefficient of R2=0.94. The evaluation factor of Ai was also adaptable to previous reports and strongly correlated with their Ci, indicating that Ai is more widely adaptable than the conventional evaluation methods.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Route for Increasing Intercalation Capacity of Hard Carbons as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[ 73 ] It has also been reported that the pre‐carbonization‐derived HC presented more graphitic regions, larger graphitic domain sizes, smaller pore volumes, and therefore improved electrochemical performance. [ 47 ] Hydrothermal pretreatments have been frequently used for sucrose and glucose precursors to obtain carbon‐rich intermediates for further pyrolysis. [ 18a,36b,41d,74 ] Hydrothermal treatments of the precursors with H 3 PO 4 , H 2 SO 4 , or H 3 BO 3 were reported to be effective for doping HC with the corresponding heteroatoms.…”

Section: Materials Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Carbon Anodes: Fundamental Understanding and Commercial Perspectives for Na‐Ion Batteries beyond Li‐Ion and K‐Ion Counterparts

Zhao

Lai

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

352

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

scarce resources, uneven distribution, and arduous recycling of lithium. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) operating with similar mechanism to that of LIBs are considered as affordable alternatives, [2] as a result of the desirable performances as well as much abundant resources of sodium and potassium. [3] The performances of the alkali metal-ion batteries depend much on the cathode and anode materials. Various types of cathode materials based on the reversible insertion/ extraction of alkali metal ions including transition metal oxides, fluorides, phosphates, hexacyanoferrates, and sulfates have been developed, and plenty of them exhibit desirable energy density and cycling performances. [4] Progress on the research for anode materials is relatively slow, however, as compared with their cathode counterparts. [5] Based on the reaction mechanisms, the anodes generally fall into three categories: insertion based, conversion based, and alloying based. [6] The conversion-based materials exhibit high theoretical specific capacities derived from the conversion reactions during the uptake of alkali metal ions. [7] Due to the large volume variations during charge/discharge, however, the conversion-based anodes exhibit rapid capacity fading. The alloyingbased materials deliver high specific capacity by the alloying reaction, but the material pulverization derived from repeated volume changes results in poor reversibility. [8] Insertion-based materials include titanium-based oxides and carbonaceous materials. Although the small volume change, high rate capability, and good cycling stability of titanium-based oxides are desirable, their high working voltages and low specific capacities are detrimental to the power density of the full cells. [9] Carbonaceous materials, including graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, soft carbon (SC), hard carbon (HC), etc., are promising anode candidates for alkali metal-ion batteries. [10] Graphite has been developed as a practical anode for commercial LIBs. They have steady discharge curves and low operation potential (≈0.1 V vs Li + /Li), and the formation of stable graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) LiC 6 delivers a moderate theoretical intercalation capacity of 372 mAh g −1 . [11] While the intercalation capacities of graphite anodes for SIBs and PIBs are not satisfactory, delivering 35 mAh g −1 for SIBs with NaC 64Hard carbon (HC) is recognized as a promising anode material with outstanding electrochemical performance for alkali metal-ion batteries including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as well as their analogs sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent research is presented to interpret the challenges and opportunities for the applications of HC anodes. The ion storage mechanisms, materials design, and electrolyte optimizations for alkali metal-ion batteries are illustrated in-depth. HC is particularly promising as an anode material for SIBs. The solid-electrolyte interph...

show abstract

“…To analyze the Na + insertion mechanism during the sodiation of MrGO‐CNF, we carried out the ex situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ Raman spectroscopy (Figure S9, Supporting Information) . The Bragg peak of pristine MrGO‐CNF centered at 2θ = 22.86° is corresponding to the parallel stacking of graphene sheets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery Anode via Rapid Microwave Carbonization of Natural Cellulose Nanofibers with Graphene Initiator

Shi

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

Small

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cellulose is a promising natural bio‐macromolecule due to its abundance, renewability and low cost. Here, a new method is developed to prepare pre‐sodiated carbonaceous anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) under microwave irradiation for potential ultrafast and large‐scale manufacturing. While direct carbonization of CNFs through microwave treatment is usually impossible due to the weak microwave absorption of CNFs, it is found that a small amount of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can act as an effective initiator. Microwaving rGO releases extremely high energy, giving rise to local ultrahigh temperature as well as ultrahigh heating rate, which then induces the fast carbonization of CNFs and the production of pre‐sodiated carbonaceous materials within seconds. The sodium in the carbonaceous materials, introduced from the carbonization of CNFs containing sodium‐ion carboxyl, offer favorable spaces for sodiation/desodiation, which improves the electrochemical performance of the sodium‐inserted carbonaceous anode. When the microwaved rGO‐CNF (MrGO‐CNF) is used as an anode for SIBs, a high initial capacity of 558 mAh g−1 is delivered and the capacity of 340 mAh g−1 remains after 200 cycles. The excellent reversible capacity and cycling stability indicate MrGO‐CNF a promising anode for sodium‐ion batteries.

show abstract

Extended flat voltage profile of hard carbon synthesized using a two-step carbonization approach as an anode in sodium ion batteries

Cited by 67 publications

References 78 publications

Rational Route for Increasing Intercalation Capacity of Hard Carbons as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Rational Route for Increasing Intercalation Capacity of Hard Carbons as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Hard Carbon Anodes: Fundamental Understanding and Commercial Perspectives for Na‐Ion Batteries beyond Li‐Ion and K‐Ion Counterparts

High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery Anode via Rapid Microwave Carbonization of Natural Cellulose Nanofibers with Graphene Initiator

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About