Extended analysis of the X-ray spectra of laser-irradiated elements in the sequence from tantalum to lead

Abstract

Resonance lines of nickel-like highly-charged ions are identified in the spectra of seven elements (Ta, W, Re, Pt, Au, Hg and Pb) excited by laser irradiation.They pertain mainly to transitions 3d-nf (n = 5 through 9), 3 p n d (n = 4 through o) and 3s-np (n = 4, 5). Unresolved transition arrays of lower charge ions isoelectronic with copper, zinc, gallium and germanium, are also interpreted, as well as a few cobalt-like transitions. The relativistic parametric potential method and the unresolved transition array formalism support this analysis.

Analysis of X-ray and Thomson scattering data from non-LTE Nb and Ta plasmas

“…Note that a precise evaluation of the shifts is difficult since the spectral features are somewhat broader here. Comparing the theoretical spectrum to [27], the A5 and B5 transitions are in the right place, however is E4 shifted by þ15 eV. The reason for this discrepancy is unknown, but might result from collisional shifts and broadenings that depend on the specific transition, as well as spatial and temporal gradients.…”

“…The omitted low-T e points at 100 mm are essentially LTE and have not been calculated. [26,27], and for which a number of prominent lines were identified. As shown below, these features span the 5fÀ3d transition array for different charge states.…”

“…We see that the theoretical spectrum recovers most of the fine details of the experiment and brings quantitative spectroscopic information with the identification of spectral features. We can compare the position of some Ni-like transitions measured here to those of [27], from which we take the line labels and positions. The 5f 5/2 À3d 3/2 (label A5, 2769 eV), 5f 7/2 À3d 5/2 (B5, 2711 eV) and 4p 3/2 À3s (E4, 2658 eV) transitions are shifted approximately by À10 eV, À25 eV and À5 eV compared to [27].…”

“…We can compare the position of some Ni-like transitions measured here to those of [27], from which we take the line labels and positions. The 5f 5/2 À3d 3/2 (label A5, 2769 eV), 5f 7/2 À3d 5/2 (B5, 2711 eV) and 4p 3/2 À3s (E4, 2658 eV) transitions are shifted approximately by À10 eV, À25 eV and À5 eV compared to [27]. Note that a precise evaluation of the shifts is difficult since the spectral features are somewhat broader here.…”

The importance of EBIT data for Z-pinch plasma diagnostics

“…The precision of the measurements of Ni-like W lines was improved in laser plasma experiments [2]. The extended analysis of Ni-like W spectra from laser plasm a has included nf→3d (n= 5-9), nd→ 3p (n= 4-6 ), a nd np→3s (n=4,5) transitions [3]. Tungsten wire arrays were studied extensively on the Z accelerator at Sandia National Laborator ies (SNL) since 1998 when i t was shown that they can produce x-ray powers up to 200 TW and x-ray energies up to 2 MJ [4][5].…”