Expression profiling of the Dof gene family under abiotic stresses in spinach

Abstract

DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) are plant-specific transcription factors involved in numerous pathways of plant development, such as abiotic stresses responses. Although genome-wide analysis of Dof genes has been performed in many species, but these genes in spinach have not been analyzed yet. We performed a genome-wide analysis and characterization of Dof gene family in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Twenty-two Dof genes were identified and classified into four groups with nine subgroups, which was further corroborated by gene structure and motif analyses. Ka/Ks analysis revealed that SoDofs were subjected to purifying selection. Using cis-acting elements analysis, SoDofs were involved in plant growth and development, plant hormones, and stress responses. Expression profiling demonstrated that SoDofs expressed in leaf and inflorescence, and responded to cold, heat, and drought stresses. SoDof22 expressed the highest level in male flowers and under cold stress. These results provided a genome-wide analysis of SoDof genes, their gender- and tissue-specific expression, and response to abiotic stresses. The knowledge and resources gained from these analyses will benefit spinach improvement.

Characterization of Dof Transcription Factors and the Heat-Tolerant Function of PeDof-11 in Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis)

“…This indicates a massive shrinkage of the Dof family in passion fruit, and the 13 preserved members appear to be particularly valuable. The theoretical isoelectric points (pI) of Dof proteins ranged from 4.75 to 9.32; this result is similar to that in spinach [17].…”

Identification and characterization of Dof genes in Cerasus humilis

“…These genes were named as ChDof1–ChDof25 , according to their chromosomal location. Different number of Dof genes have been reported in plant species; for example, 28 in Eugenia uniflora ( Waschburger et al., 2022 ), 22 in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ) ( Yu et al., 2021 ), 16 in tea ( Camellia sinensis ) ( Yu et al., 2020 ), 45 in pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri ) ( Liu et al., 2020 ), 24 in rose ( Rosa chinensis ), 40 in Medicago sativa ( Cao et al., 2020 ), 25 in grape, 36 in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) ( Zhou et al., 2020 ), 36 in Areca catechu ( Li et al., 2022a ), and 20 in Chrysanthemum morifolium ( Song et al., 2016 ). However, some plant species possess an exceptionally high number of Dof genes (e.g., 103 in Camelina sativa ) ( Luo et al., 2022 ), which may be related to the large genome size or high sequencing depth of the species.…”

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of DOF Gene Family in Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae)

“…Their genetic structure was reconstructed and, overall, sequences shared a similar structure among orthologous groups identified in the phylogeny ( Supplementary Figure S1 and Figure 2 ). Motifs 1 and 2, referring to the DOF domain, are present in all sequences; why they appear separately is not well understood, but it is a recurrent phenomenon in the prediction of conserved DOF sequence motifs through MEME [ 61 , 62 ]. From the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships, eight E. uniflora DOF genes were not grouped into orthologous groups.…”