Expression profiles of adiponectin receptors in mouse embryos

Zhou, Yunyan; Sun, Xiaoyu; Jin, Lei; Stringfield, Teresa M.; Lin, Lin; Yan, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2005.02.002

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Interestingly, AdipoR2 was generally expressed in the entire brain in accordance with previous studies measuring AdipoR2 mRNA levels (28,36). It is debated whether adiponectin crosses the blood-brain barrier (32,37).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Opposing Effects of Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 on Energy Metabolism

et al. 2007

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The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and influences the risk for developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin binds to two different seven-transmembrane domain receptors termed AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To study the physiological importance of these receptors, AdipoR1 gene knockout mice (AdipoR1 Ϫ/Ϫ ) and AdipoR2 gene knockout mice (AdipoR2 Ϫ/Ϫ ) were generated. AdipoR1 Ϫ/Ϫ mice showed increased adiposity associated with decreased glucose tolerance, spontaneous locomotor activity, and energy expenditure. However, AdipoR2Ϫ/Ϫ mice were lean and resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity associated with improved glucose tolerance and higher spontaneous locomotor activity and energy expenditure and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are clearly involved in energy metabolism but have opposing effects. Diabetes 56:583-593, 2007

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Opposing Effects of Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 on Energy Metabolism

et al. 2007

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“…In particular, adiponectin reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines while having potent anti-inflammatory effects across a wide range of tissues (Wulster-Radcliffe et al 2004;Zhou et al 2005). Milk adiponectin derives from the transfer of maternal circulating adiponectin and/or synthesis in mammary tissue (Weyermann et al 2006).…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, and the Immunological Ecology of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers

Bernstein

Dominy

2013

Human Biology

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Early growth cessation and reproduction are predicted to maximize fitness under conditions of high adult mortality, factors that could explain the pygmy phenotype of many rainforest hunter-gatherers. This lifehistory hypothesis is elegant but contentious in part because it lacks a clear biological mechanism. One mechanism stems from the field of human immunological ecology and the concept of inflammation "memory" across the life cycle and into subsequent generations. Maternal exposures to disease can infl uence immunological cues present in breast milk; because maternal provisioning via lactation occurs during critical periods of development, it is plausible that these cues can also mediate early growth cessation and small body size. Such epigenetic hypotheses are difficult to test, but the concept of developmental programming is attractive because it could explain how the stature of a population can change over time, in terms of both secular increases and rapid intergenerational decreases. Here we explore this concept by focusing on the Aeta, a population of former hunter-gatherers, and the Ilocano, a population of rice farmers. We predicted that Aeta mothers would produce breast milk with higher concentrations of four bioactive factors due to high infectious burdens. Further, we predicted that the concentrations of these factors would be highest in the cohort of women born in the early 1990s, when exposure to infectious disease was acute following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991. We analyzed levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and epidermal growth factor in the milk of 24 Aeta and 31 Ilocano women and found no detectable differences, whereas levels of transforming growth factor-β 2 were elevated among the Aeta, particularly as a function of maternal age. We found no difference between cohorts divided by the volcanic eruption (n = 43 born before, n = 12 born after). We discuss the implications of our findings for the terminal investment hypothesis and we suggest that the historical ecology of the Aeta is a promising model system for testing epigenetic hypotheses focused on the evolution of small body size. Abstract Early growth cessation and reproduction are predicted to maximize fitness under conditions of high adult mortality, factors that could explain the pygmy phenotype of many rainforest hunter-gatherers. This life-history hypothesis is elegant but contentious in part because it lacks a clear biological mechanism. One mechanism stems from the field of human immunological ecology and the concept of inflammation "memory" across the life cycle and into subsequent generations. Maternal exposures to disease can infl uence immunological cues present in breast milk; because maternal provisioning via lactation occurs during critical periods of development, it is plausible that these cues can also mediate early growth cessation and small body size. Such epigenetic hypotheses are difficult to test, but the concept of developmental programming is attractive because it could explain how the...

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“…In preterm infants, serum adiponectin levels are lower than in full-term infants, correlate positively with body weight, and increase with postnatal age, which suggests a metabolic adaptation to premature extrauterine life [47]. Given the biological properties of adiponectin, its presence in breast milk, and the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 in the small intestine of neonatal mice [48] and of adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 in human colon epithelium [21], not only adiponectin produced by adipose tissue but also milk adiponectin may affect infant growth and development. Weyermann et al found that higher levels of adiponectin in breast milk were associated with overweight at two years of age in infants who were breast-fed for at least 6 months [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk Hormones and Their Protective Effect on Obesity

Savino

Liguori

Fissore

et al. 2009

International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology

100

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Data accumulated over recent years have significantly advanced our understanding of growth factors, cytokines, and hormones in breast milk. Here we deal with leptin, adiponectin, IGF-I, ghrelin, and the more recently discovered hormones, obestatin, and resistin, which are present in breast milk and involved in food intake regulation and energy balance. Little is known about these compounds in infant milk formulas. Nutrition in infancy has been implicated in the long-term tendency to obesity, and a longer duration of breastfeeding appears to protect against its development. Diet-related differences in serum leptin and ghrelin values in infancy might explain anthropometric differences and differences in dietary habits between breast-fed and formula-fed infants also later in life. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of how hormones present in breast milk affect children. Here we examine the data related to hormones contained in mother's milk and their potential protective effect on subsequent obesity.

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Expression profiles of adiponectin receptors in mouse embryos

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

Opposing Effects of Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 on Energy Metabolism

Opposing Effects of Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 on Energy Metabolism

Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, and the Immunological Ecology of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers

Breast Milk Hormones and Their Protective Effect on Obesity

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