Expression of β-defensins pBD-1 and pBD-2 along the small intestinal tract of the pig: Lack of upregulation in vivo upon Salmonella typhimurium infection

Veldhuizen, Edwin J.A.; Dijk, Albert van; Tersteeg, Monique H.G.; Kalkhove, Stefanie I. C.; Meulen, Jan van der; Niewold, Theodoor; Haagsman, Henk P.

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.03.005

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, mRNA of three β-defensins was diversely expressed in the tissues that require strong mucosal defenses, particularly the tongue, which was consistent with the expression pattern described previously in pigs (Zhang et al 1998;Veldhuizen et al 2007), sheep (Huttner et al 1998), and cattle (Stolzenberg et al 1997). Previously we found that the cathelicidin molecules, the other important antimicrobial peptides family, were generally expressed at low levels in the tongue in both breeds (Ma et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gene expression and tissue distribution of β-defensins in Chinese Min pigs and Landrace pigs

Jiao¹,

Ma²,

Lv³

et al. 2017

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Jiao W., Ma Q., Lv X., Shan A., Li Z. (2017): Gene expression and tissue distribution of β-defensins in Chinese Min pigs and Landrace pigs. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62,[178][179][180][181][182][183] β-Defensins are a major group of mammalian antimicrobial peptides and play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity due to their antimicrobial, chemotactic, and regulatory activities. In this study, the tissue distribution of porcine β-defensin (pBD-1, pBD-2, and pBD-3) gene expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction in 14-day-old Chinese Min pigs and Landrace pigs. The results showed that in the two breeds, pBD-1 and pBD-2 were primarily expressed in the tongue and kidney, respectively. The pBD-3 genes in Min pigs and Landrace pigs were abundant in the heart and tongue respectively. The mRNA expression levels of the three peptide genes in most tissues were much higher in Min pigs than in Landrace pigs. Collectively, higher defensin gene expressions were observed in some organs and tissues of Min pigs, presumably related to their higher resistance to disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gene expression and tissue distribution of β-defensins in Chinese Min pigs and Landrace pigs

Jiao¹,

Ma²,

Lv³

et al. 2017

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Following treatment with most toxins, mRNA expression was significantly affected for both genes, though cell supernatant levels of pBD-1 and pBD-2 were not significantly changed. In this study, the expression of pBD-1 and pBD-2 was shown to be low and is similar to what has been reported for other cells (10,24,31). It has previously been suggested that this basal level of expression may reflect a potential for upregulation of these defensins upon bacterial infection, and upregulation of these defensins has been reported following Salmonella infection (10,24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Previous experiments have shown that exposure to several mycotoxins may increase susceptibility to experimental or natural mucosal infections by inducing bacterial translocation and colonization across the intestinal epithelium (21,22), but no data are available examining the role mycotoxin combinations may play in intestinal infections. Reports have been done demonstrating that the antimicrobial activity of AMPs, such as ␤-defensins, may be associated with bacterial populations in the intestine, which naturally present a barrier limiting undesirable gut mucosal infections (23)(24)(25). Accordingly, we hypothesized that a mixture of naturally cooccurring Fusarium toxins that can be observed in food exert significant effects on the synthesis and secre-tion of AMPs compared to their effects as individual toxins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Porcine β-Defensins 1 and 2 upon Individual and Combined Fusarium Toxin Exposure in a Swine Jejunal Epithelial Cell Line

Wan

Woo

Allen

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dDefensins are small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that play an important role in the innate immune system of mammals. Since the effect of mycotoxin contamination of food and feed on the secretion of intestinal AMPs is poorly understood, the aim of this study was to elucidate the individual and combined effects of four common Fusarium toxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEA), and fumonisin B1 (FB1), on the mRNA expression, protein secretion, and corresponding antimicrobial effects of porcine ␤-defensins 1 and 2 (pBD-1 and pBD-2) using a porcine jejunal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2. In general, upregulation of pBD-1 and pBD-2 mRNA expression occurred following exposure to Fusarium toxins, individually and in mixtures (P < 0.05). However, no significant increase in secreted pBD-1 and pBD-2 protein levels was observed, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Supernatants from IPEC-J2 cells exposed to toxins, singly or in combination, however, possessed significantly less antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli than untreated supernatants. When single toxins and two-toxin combinations were assessed, toxicity effects were shown to be nonadditive (including synergism, potentiation, and antagonism), suggesting interactive toxin effects when cells are exposed to mycotoxin combinations. The results show that Fusarium toxins, individually and in mixtures, activate distinct antimicrobial defense mechanisms possessing the potential to alter the intestinal microbiota through diminished antimicrobial effects. Moreover, by evaluating toxin mixtures, this improved understanding of toxin effects will enable more effective risk assessments for common mycotoxin combinations observed in contaminated food and feed.

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“…mBD3, similar to certain human b-defensins, possesses the ability to attract immune cells chemotactically (54). To date, 12 pBDs have been identified, and the expression of pBD1 and pBD2 in the small intestine of the pig has been described recently (55,56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine β-Defensin 2 Attenuates Inflammation and Mucosal Lesions in Dextran Sodium Sulfate–Induced Colitis

Han¹,

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2015

The Journal of Immunology

140

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Intestinal permeability plays a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Defensins, including porcine β-defensin (pBD)2, are crucial antimicrobial peptides for gut protection owing to their antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of pBD2 on mucosal injury and the disruption of the epithelial barrier during the pathological process of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)–induced colitis. The effects and mechanism of pBD2 were evaluated both using a DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model and, in vitro, using Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells. DSS-induced colitis was characterized by higher disease activity index, shortened colon length, elevated activities of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase, histologic evidence of inflammation, and increased expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. pBD2 increased the expression of zonula occludens-1, zonula occludens-2, claudin-1, mucin-1, and mucin-2 mRNA and proteins, and it decreased permeability to FITC-D, as well as apoptosis, in DSS-treated mice. pBD2 also decreased inflammatory infiltrates of the colon epithelium. In Caco-2 cells, pBD2 increased transepithelial electrical resistance and mucin mRNA expression, and it decreased the permeability of FITC-D while preserving the structural integrity of the tight junctions. The effects of pBD2 appeared to be through upregulation of the expression of genes associated with tight junctions and mucins, and by suppressing DSS-induced increases in inflammation, inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and apoptosis. These results show that pBD2 improves DSS-induced changes in mucosal lesions and paracellular permeability, possibly by affecting the activation of NF-κB signaling. The present study demonstrates that intrarectal administration of pBD2 may be a novel preventive option for ulcerative colitis.

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Expression of β-defensins pBD-1 and pBD-2 along the small intestinal tract of the pig: Lack of upregulation in vivo upon Salmonella typhimurium infection

Cited by 57 publications

References 38 publications

Gene expression and tissue distribution of β-defensins in Chinese Min pigs and Landrace pigs

Gene expression and tissue distribution of β-defensins in Chinese Min pigs and Landrace pigs

Modulation of Porcine β-Defensins 1 and 2 upon Individual and Combined Fusarium Toxin Exposure in a Swine Jejunal Epithelial Cell Line

Porcine β-Defensin 2 Attenuates Inflammation and Mucosal Lesions in Dextran Sodium Sulfate–Induced Colitis

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