Expression of VP1 protein in the milk of transgenic mice: A potential oral vaccine protects against enterovirus 71 infection

Characterization of the enterovirus 71 P1 polyprotein expressed inPichia pastoras a candidate vaccine

“…Recently, several new candidate EV71 vaccines were developed and provoked good immune responses against EV71 challenge in animals. 16,22,23,25,[34][35][36] However, given the potential safety, industrial and economic limitations of these vaccines, a safer, low priced and more effective EV71 vaccines need to be developed. 37 In this study, we produced the P1 protein in P. pastoris and evaluated its effects against EV71 infection by comparing the immune responses elicited by the purified P1 protein with those elicited by the heat-inactivated EV71 virus.…”

“…The difference between the protection of the anti-P1 serum (10 LD50, Table 2A and 2B) and the protection conferred from the vaccinating female (10000 LD50, Table 1A and Table 1B) suggests that the antibodies (SIgA) in the milk contributed to the protection against EV71 challenge in the offspring, which agreed with the previous reports. 22 It is understood that the protection in human babies conferred by breastfeeding was related to the levels of IgA(secretory IgA, sIgA) class enterovirus antibodies in breast milk, which seemed to be more important than transplacentally acquired antibodies. 38 In this study, the results of lethal EV71 challenge also showed that the mice pups can be protected from EV71 infection by it's mother, if the female mouse has been injected with the P1 protein or an inactivated EV71 vaccine.…”

“…The VP1 recombinant protein was reported to induce mixed humoral and cellular immunity in mice. 14,[21][22][23][24] Recently, it was found that combined peptides in the VP2 protein domain could be effective in protecting against EV71, 25 and the VP4 N terminus can induce cross-protection against EV71. 26 These studies suggest that P1 protein is an ideal EV71 vaccine candidate.…”

Dimorphic Goat Amelogenin Alleles on Sex Chromosomes for Gender Determination of Preimplantation Embryos

“…300μg of total RNA were used to isolate the poly(A + ) mRNA using the FastTrack ® MAG mRNA isolation kit (Invitrogen). An aliquot of 5 μl poly(A + ) mRNA was used for first-strand cDNA synthesis by SuperScript TM III reverse transcriptase (Gibco/BRL, Burlington, ON) as described [18]. A mature goat amelogenin cDNA fragment (0.7 kb) was amplified by PCR using a pair of primers, pAMEL-F (5'-CACTGAGAACGTGTGTTCAA AG-3') and pPolyT-R (5'-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGTA-3').…”

Alternative approaches to vaccine delivery

“…In another study, a capsid protein from enterovirus 71 was produced in transgenic mice, and the milk, when given to mice orally, induced antibodies with antiviral effect and provided significant protection against virus infection. 37 Stowers et al have investigated the possibility of using this system for the production of malaria vaccine antigens. 38 In that study, two forms of MSP1 42 , either glycosylated or non-glycosylated, were produced in the milk of transgenic mice, at levels of 1.6 g/liter and 0.9 g/liter of purified antigen respectively.…”