Expression of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in chorionic villous in missed abortion

Abstract

The contemporary world despite its enough developed medicine and generally highly enlightened population faces a great problem of vitamin, micro-element and nutrient deficiency turning to become the XXI century pandemic. Along with that significant growth of interest can be seen towards vitamin D importance for reproductive physiology. The fact is that vitamin D receptors (VDR) have been detected in women's ovarium tissue, fallopian tubes, decidua and placenta. Some recent years studies have proven that vitamin D may act as immune regulator during implantation. During early pregnancy the trophoblast release vitamin D, which produces anti-inflammatory reaction and also induce decidual tissue growth for successive pregnancy. It was a comparison between the expression of Vitamin D and VDR in chorionic villous in cases of normal pregnancy and missed abortion groups. 64 samples of chorionic villous were taken: 32 from missed abortion and 32 from the induced abortion group. Abortive material was taken from two groups of women residing in NorthWest region of Russia: missed abortion and pregnancy terminated at woman's wish (induced abortion); 6-12 weeks of gestation, singleton pregnancy. Immune histochemical examination showed homogenous distribution of vitamin D and VDR expression in syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts and chorion villus stroma.Vitamin D expression relative area was 10,3% which is statistically different from the induced abortion group-15,4% (p<0,01). VDR expression analysis showed its homogenous distribution in chorionic villus structures in both groups. High VDR expression was detected in chorion villus stromal components. In missed abortion group, the morphometry results showed distinctly lower relative area of vitamin D expression against the comparison group (35,9 ± 1,8; 56,1 ± 2,4 p < 0,01). Also in missed abortion group, positively significant correlation has been determined between the level of vitamin D in blood and VDR relative area expression (r ¼ 0,412). In missed abortion group, definite vitamin D and VDR expression decrease was detected compared to the induced abortion group. The results witness vitamin D importance for pregnancy progress.

Supplementation with vitamin D improves the embryo quality in in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs, independently of the patients’ basal vitamin D status

“…The expression of VDR on maternal decidua and fetal trophoblasts reflects an autocrine or paracrine activity of VD, which acts on both maternal and fetal sides, thus promoting embryo implantation [ 19 ]. VD not only mediates the correct tuning of immune defense to facilitate trophoblast invasion, but it also appears to be involved in providing essential nutrients, regulating hormone release, and eventually contributing to fetal growth and development [ 55 ].…”

High Vitamin D Level in Female Mice Increases the Number of Live Fetuses

“…By contrast, another study showed that both 25(OH)D concentration and VDR protein level in the decidual tissues were signifi cantly decreased in recurrent spontaneous abortion women compared with those in elective abortion women (25). In missed abortion women, a signifi cantly positive correlation was identifi ed between serum vitamin D level and VDR expression in chorion villus (26).…”

Role of ferroptosis in pregnancy related diseases and its therapeutic potential

“…Therefore, it would be an alternative therapy for women with ICP. Lack of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 is related to PRDs, which may result from ferroptosis, such as spontaneous abortion, GDM and PE ( Bespalova et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2019 ; de Souza and Pisani, 2020 ). Vitamin D elevated the level of GSH, GPX4 and reduced MDA through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to suppresses ferroptosis.…”