Expression of Two Related Viral Early Genes in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Tumors

Xue, Shao-An; Lu, Qilong; Poulsom, Richard; Karran, Loraine; Jones, Matthew D.; Griffin, Beverly E.

doi:10.1128/jvi.74.6.2793-2803.2000

Cited by 24 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Viral markers chosen for examination in this study (Figure 2 and legend) include the small EBV RNAs (EBERs 1 and 2) frequently used in searches for EBV (Labrecque et al, 1995;Brink et al, 2000), the EBV nuclear antigen, EBNA1, responsible for viral maintenance and found expressed in most or all virally associated tumours (IARC, 1997), and a variety of other genes associated with expression in NPC (Hitt et al, 1989;Xue et al, 2000), or associated with epithelial cell immortalisation in culture (Griffin and Karran, 1984;Karran et al, 1990) or, alternatively, thought to be B-cell specific (Xue et al, 2000.…”

Section: Expression Of Ebv Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole-cell DNA taken from the 15 breast carcinoma biopsies, and controls, were examined for the presence of EBV DNA, using as viral marker an early gene, LF3, which contains the repetitive IR4 sequence, and is found expressed in many tumours, including NPCs and Burkitt's lymphomas (BLs) (Xue et al, 2000. The IR4 repeats are present in high copy numbers (ranging from 22 to 33) in different cells and tumours (Xue et al, 2003).…”

Section: Ebv Dna and Gene Expression In The Breast Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation and amplification of viral DNA and RNA RNA was extracted from fresh frozen tumours, or cells, and purified as a pellet, using a standard guanidinium -caesium chloride method, as described (Xue et al, 2000). DNA was recovered by dialysing the supernatant from RNA preparations.…”

Section: Expression Of Ebv Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 39 cycles of amplification, PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gels containing ethidium bromide, and their identities were verified by Southern blot hybridisation. For IR4 hybridisation, probes from both C15 and Raji sequences were used (Xue et al, 2000).…”

Section: Expression Of Ebv Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epstein–Barr virus gene expression in human breast cancer: protagonist or passenger?

et al. 2003

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The presence and transcriptional expression of Epstein -Barr virus (EBV)-encoded genes, oestrogen receptor (ER) status and degree of lymphocyte infiltration were evaluated in 15 mastectomy-removed breast cancer samples, mostly of ductal origin. With regard to these parameters, the tumours were heterogeneous. Viral genes, including EBNA1 -a universal EBV marker -and others, selected in part on the basis of expression in other EBV-associated carcinomas and/or presence in an epithelial cell immortalising subfragment p31 of viral DNA, were detected in up to 40% of the breast malignancies. The small viral RNAs, EBERs, were not observed. In culture, p31 EBV DNA, alone among EBV fragments, stimulated the growth of human breast-milk epithelial cells. There was no correlation between viral and ER expression and tumours were heterogeneous with regard to their invasive lymphocytes: of three studied in detail, one contained none, another had (mainly) T-lymphocyte aggregates on the tumour periphery, and a third (BC 12) was infiltrated with both T-and B-lymphocytes. BC 12 differed in several aspects from other malignancies in expressing a transcriptional activator (BZLF1) associated with overcoming virus latency, and failing to express a viral oncogene, BARF1. Arguments are given for EBV as a protagonist cocarcinogen in some breast malignancies.

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Section: Expression Of Ebv Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ebv Dna and Gene Expression In The Breast Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Of Ebv Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Of Ebv Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epstein–Barr virus gene expression in human breast cancer: protagonist or passenger?

et al. 2003

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“…If one hypothesizes that an EBV protein might bind DNA near or at telomere sites and prevent their shortening, the question would be which of the viral proteins, within p31 DNA, might ful®l this role? Candidate genes may be found among those associated with the epithelial cell tumours, such as NPC (Hitt et al, 1989;Chen et al, 1992;Brink et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 1998;Hayes et al, 1999;Xue et al, 2000;Smith et al, 2000), see Figure 1. There is no suggestion in the literature (Strockbine et al, 1998) or in its structure (Baer et al, 1984), that BARF1, the only p31-containing viral function known to stimulate cell growth (Wei and Ooka, 1989;Wei et al, 1994Wei et al, , 1997, might act in this manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesis: a novel route for immortalization of epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus

Gao

Xue

et al. 2002

Oncogene

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Toxicology of the Endocrine System

Kapp

Thomas

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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The endocrine system plays a critical role in regulating virtually every aspect of the body's functions and systems, including behaviour, nutritional processes, reproduction, growth and development, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system and homeostasis. It includes various endocrine glands, for example, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, gonads, thyroid and pancreas, that secrete specific hormones (or messengers) as well as specific receptors in target organs throughout the body, which are activated or deactivated by a series of biochemical reactions upon contact with the proper hormone, which ultimately modifies the target organ's activity. This is a complex and interactive system and malfunctions may have serious consequences. Disorders can arise internally from overactive or underactive hormone production, or they can arise from external exposures. Both can have life‐threatening effects on survival. It has been shown that many drugs and chemicals and some environmental chemicals can perturb the chemical balance of the endocrine system. Some chemicals may directly affect the normal function of the endocrine system by inhibiting specific enzymes, while others produce indirect effects that result in a pharmacological interaction between the hormone and the chemical which modulates the effect of the hormone. There are many variations on these mechanisms and effects and these are detailed in this chapter.

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Expression of Two Related Viral Early Genes in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Tumors

Abstract: The transcription of two early "leftwardly" expressed genes carrying repetitive sequences, IR2 and IR4, has been studied for Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors, and for established B-cell lines, using sequence-specific probes generated for this purpose.

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Epstein–Barr virus gene expression in human breast cancer: protagonist or passenger?

Epstein–Barr virus gene expression in human breast cancer: protagonist or passenger?

Hypothesis: a novel route for immortalization of epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus

Toxicology of the Endocrine System

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