“…Thus, it is clear that the alternative usage of duplicated first exons is the basis of UGT1A function and expression diversities. Besides, all this tissue-specific expression is well orchestrated by the cooperative interaction between transcription factors and the transcription initiation complex (for review see (Mackenzie et al, 2003;Owens, Basu, & Banerjee, 2005;Strassburg, Kalthoff, & Ehmer, 2008;Tukey & Strassburg, 2001) (Gardner-Stephen & Mackenzie, 2008) Studies concerning UGT1A promoter-interacting factors have revealed the binding of some important activators, such as HNF-1, cdx2, Nrf2, PXR, XRE (AhR) and CAR (Aueviriyavit, Furihata, Morimoto, Kobayashi, & Chiba, 2007;Bonzo, Belanger, & Tukey, 2007;Buckley & Klaassen, 2009;Gregory, Lewinsky, Gardner-Stephen, & Mackenzie, 2004;Senekeo-Effenberger et al, 2007;Sugatani, Sueyoshi, Negishi, & Miwa, 2005;Verreault et al, 2006;Yuan, Li, & Yang, 2007). Transcriptional regulation of the UGT1A gene by transcription factors is more specifically addressed in some following chapters.…”