Expression of protein phosphatase 1 during the asexual development of Neurospora crassa

Zeke, Tamás; Kókai, Endre; Szöőr, Balázs; Yatzkan, Einat; Yarden, Oded; Szirák, Krisztina; Fehér, Zsigmond; Bagossi, Péter; Gergely, Pál; Dombrádi, Viktor

doi:10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00188-4

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…nidulans, an amino acid change in PP2A protein (PphA) led to a growth defect, lack of germ tube, and mitotic defect (Kosmidou et al, 2001). In N. crassa, the transcript levels of ppp-1 were increased during hyphal germination and elongation (Zeke et al, 2003). We also speculate that the germination defect in PP179 may be linked to hyphal swelling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Functional characterization of Fusarium verticillioides CPP1, a gene encoding a putative protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit

Choi

Shim

2008

Microbiology

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Fusarium verticillioides produces the mycotoxin fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) on maize kernels. In this study, we identified a putative protein phosphatase gene CPP1 in F. verticillioides, and investigated its role in FB 1 regulation. Previous work has shown that CPP1 expression is elevated in an FB 1 -suppressing genetic background. Thus, we hypothesized that CPP1 is negatively associated with FB 1 production. To test this hypothesis, we generated a CPP1 knockout mutant, PP179, and studied the effects of gene deletion on FB 1 biosynthesis and fungal development. PP179 showed elevated expression of FUM genes, and in turn produced higher levels of FB 1 than the wild-type progenitor. Other significant mutant phenotypes included reduced radial growth on agar plates, reduced conidia germination rates, significantly increased macroconidia formation, and hyphal swelling. To verify that these phenotypes were directly due to CPP1 deletion, we complemented PP179 with the wild-type CPP1 gene. The complemented strain PPC4 showed FUM1 expression and FB 1 production similar to that of the wild-type, providing evidence that CPP1 is negatively associated with FB 1 biosynthesis. Other PP179 phenotypes, such as macroconidiation and hyphal swelling, were also restored to that of wild-type progenitor. Furthermore, we complemented F. verticillioides PP179 strain with Neurospora crassa wild-type ppe-1 gene, demonstrating that Cpp1 and PPE-1 proteins are functionally conserved. Pleiotropic effects of CPP1 deletion led us to hypothesize that CPP1 is associated with multiple downstream signalling pathways in F. verticillioides. Identification and functional characterization of downstream Cpp1-interacting proteins are necessary to better understand the complex regulatory mechanisms associated with Cpp1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Functional characterization of Fusarium verticillioides CPP1, a gene encoding a putative protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit

Choi

Shim

2008

Microbiology

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“…Because the catalytic subunits of PP1 and PP2A (encoded for by the ppp-1 and pph-1 genes, respectively) are essential for cell survival in Neurospora and other eukaryotes (Yatzkan and Yarden 1995;Zeke et al 2003), we used repeat-induced point mutation (RIP; Cambareri et al 1989) to obtain partially functional To examine whether these mutations led to the decrease of the phosphatase activity of PP1, phosphatase assay (see supplemental materials) was performed using extracts prepared from cultures grown in LL, a condition that the clock is not running. The 32 P-labeled phosphorylase a is used as the substrate of the assay in the presence or absence of inhibitor-2, a specific protein inhibitor for PP1 (Krebs and Fischer 1962;Yatzkan et al 1998;Cohen 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct roles for PP1 and PP2A in the Neurospora circadian clock

Yang¹,

He²,

Cheng³

et al. 2004

Genes Dev.

Self Cite

111

117

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Phosphorylation of the Neurospora circadian clock protein FREQUENCY by several kinases promotes its degradation and is important for the function of the circadian feedback loop. Here, we show that FRQ is less stable in a ppp-1 (catalytic subunit of PP1) mutant, resulting in its advanced phase and short period. In contrast, FRQ stability is not altered in a rgb-1 (a regulatory subunit of PP2A) mutant, but levels of frq protein and mRNA are low, resulting in a low-amplitude and longperiod oscillation of the clock. Furthermore, PP1 and PP2A expressed in Neurospora can dephosphorylate the endogenous FRQ in vitro, suggesting that these two phosphatases may differentially regulate FRQ and, consequently, the behavior of the circadian clock.Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.Received September 15, 2003; revised version accepted December 15, 2003. Reversible phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism for many biological processes in eukaryotic organisms. The phosphorylation state of a protein is controlled dynamically by protein kinases and phosphatases. Previous studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of circadian clock proteins is an essential posttranscriptional mechanism in the regulation of circadian clocks (Dunlap 1999;Young and Kay 2001). Several kinases, including casein kinase I (CKI) and CKII, have been shown to phosphorylate and regulate the key clock components in eukaryotic systems Sugano et al. 1999;Lowrey et al. 2000;Gorl et al. 2001;Yang et al. 2002).FREQUENCY (FRQ), WHITE COLLAR-1 (WC-1), and WC-2 proteins are three key components in the Neurospora frq-wc-based circadian oscillator . In addition to being the circadian blue light photoreceptor (Froehlich et al. 2002;He et al. 2002), in the dark, WC-1 forms a heterodimeric complex with WC-2 through their PAS domains and activate frq transcription by binding its promoter (Crosthwaite et al. 1997;Talora et al. 1999;Cheng et al. 2001bCheng et al. , 2002Cheng et al. , 2003Froehlich et al. 2003). FRQ, the negative element of the feedback loop, inhibits its own transcription through interactions with the WC complex (Aronson et al. 1994;Cheng et al. 2001a;Denault et al. 2001;Froehlich et al. 2003). FRQ protein is immediately phosphorylated after its synthesis and becomes extensively phosphorylated prior to its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway Liu et al. 2000;He et al. 2003). In constant darkness, FRQ is not only robustly rhythmic in its cellular concentration, but also in its phosphorylation states, so that the level and the phosphorylation status of FRQ define the time of the clock during a circadian cycle .Phoshorylation of FRQ is mediated by CKI, CKII, and a calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (Gorl et al. 2001;Yang et al. 2001Yang et al. , 2002Yang et al. , 2003. Molecular, genetic, and biochemical experiments have shown that phosphorylation of FRQ has several functions. Mutations of the FRQ phosphorylation sites lead to the stabilization of the FRQ protein and long period rhythms of the clock (Li...

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“…PP activity in Neurospora was first reported in 1973 (778). More recently, the biochemical and genetic analyses of Neurospora phosphatases have enabled elucidation of the functions of these polypeptides (71,(779)(780)(781)(782)(783)(784)(785)(786)(787)(788)(789). More recently, protein phosphatases from different fungi, such as S. cerevisiae, Aspergillus spp., and Fusarium spp., have been described (790).…”

Section: Protein Phosphatasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

163

195

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SUMMARYThe genusTrichodermacontains fungi with high relevance for humans, with applications in enzyme production for plant cell wall degradation and use in biocontrol. Here, we provide a broad, comprehensive overview of the genomic content of these species for “hot topic” research aspects, including CAZymes, transport, transcription factors, and development, along with a detailed analysis and annotation of less-studied topics, such as signal transduction, genome integrity, chromatin, photobiology, or lipid, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism inT. reesei,T. atroviride, andT. virens, and we open up new perspectives to those topics discussed previously. In total, we covered more than 2,000 of the predicted 9,000 to 11,000 genes of eachTrichodermaspecies discussed, which is >20% of the respective gene content. Additionally, we considered available transcriptome data for the annotated genes. Highlights of our analyses include overall carbohydrate cleavage preferences due to the different genomic contents and regulation of the respective genes. We found light regulation of many sulfur metabolic genes. Additionally, a new Golgi 1,2-mannosidase likely involved inN-linked glycosylation was detected, as were indications for the ability ofTrichodermaspp. to generate hybrid galactose-containingN-linked glycans. The genomic inventory of effector proteins revealed numerous compounds unique toTrichoderma, and these warrant further investigation. We found interesting expansions in theTrichodermagenus in several signaling pathways, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, RAS GTPases, and casein kinases. A particularly interesting feature absolutely unique toT. atrovirideis the duplication of the alternative sulfur amino acid synthesis pathway.

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Expression of protein phosphatase 1 during the asexual development of Neurospora crassa

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Functional characterization of Fusarium verticillioides CPP1, a gene encoding a putative protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit

Functional characterization of Fusarium verticillioides CPP1, a gene encoding a putative protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit

Distinct roles for PP1 and PP2A in the Neurospora circadian clock

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

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