Expression of prostate specific antigen in male breast cancer

Carder, P J

doi:10.1136/jcp.2004.018291

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[24][25][26] Notably, expression of PSA, PSAP, and AR is not restricted to prostatic tissue. 5,6,27 High specificity is an essential requirement for diagnostic markers. Mhawech-Fauceglia et al 10 investigated the expression of PSMA in non-prostatic tissue and concluded that apical PSMA expression is highly specific for prostate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4 Moreover, the specificity of PSA immunohistochemistry is limited, as immunoreactivity for PSA has additionally been detected in some non-prostatic tissues. 5,6 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4 Moreover, the specificity of PSA immunohistochemistry is limited, as immunoreactivity for PSA has additionally been detected in some non-prostatic tissues. 5,6 Nevertheless, PSA is the only marker recommended by the guidelines to show prostatic origin of a metastatic lesion. 3 It has been demonstrated that even some cases of primary prostate cancer were negative for PSA but could be detected by prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) and thus might be a good additional marker.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of different prostatic markers in lymph node and distant metastases of prostate cancer

Queisser¹,

Hagedorn²,

Braun³

et al. 2015

Modern Pathology

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Prostate cancer is mostly diagnosed at an early stage; however, some tumors are diagnosed in a metastatic stage as cancer of unknown primary origin. In order to allow specific treatment in the case of prostate cancer presenting as cancer of unknown primary origin, it is important to determine the tumor origin. Prostate-specific antigen is used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer but the expression declines with progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Aim of this study was to identify the most informative marker constellation, which is able to detect metastatic prostate cancer at high sensitivity. The widely used prostate cancer markers such as prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, prostein, and ETS-related gene were investigated for their sensitivity to detect prostatic origin of metastases. Expression of prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, prostein, and ETS-related gene was determined on archived tissue specimens consisting of benign prostatic tissue (n ¼ 9), primary prostate cancer (n ¼ 79), lymph node metastases (n ¼ 58), and distant metastases (n ¼ 39) using immunohistochemistry. The staining intensity was categorized as negative (0), weak (1), moderate (2), and strong (3). All markers except ETS-related gene were able to detect at least 70% of lymph node metastases and distant metastases, with prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, and prostate-specific membrane antigen having the highest sensitivity (97%, 91%, and 94%, respectively). A further increase of the sensitivity up to 98% and 100% could be achieved by the combination of prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, or androgen receptor for lymph node metastases and for distant metastases, respectively. The same sensitivity could be reached by combining prostate-specific membrane antigen and prostein. Our data show that a combined staining of at least two prostate markers should be utilized to identify metastases as originating from prostate cancer. Modern Pathology (2015) 28, 138-145; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2014 published online 13 June 2014 Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-epidermal cancer and second-most common cancer-related cause of death in men in the western world. 1 The patients' death is often caused by the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Most prostate cancers are detected early in a localized stage; however, in some cases, metastases can be the first manifestation of a prostate cancer. 2 Unlike other carcinomas, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer responds to hormonal therapy and therefore the identification of the tumor origin is important in order to allow specific treatment. Male patients with a metastatic adenocarcinoma are routinely assessed for prostatic origin using prostate-specific immunohistochemistry markers like prostate-specific antigen (PSA). 3 PSA is highly expressed in benign prosta...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4 Moreover, the specificity of PSA immunohistochemistry is limited, as immunoreactivity for PSA has additionally been detected in some non-prostatic tissues. 5,6 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of different prostatic markers in lymph node and distant metastases of prostate cancer

Queisser¹,

Hagedorn²,

Braun³

et al. 2015

Modern Pathology

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“…35 63 – 65 Apart from tumours of the salivary gland,66 67 few other tumours express these markers. Recent reports suggest that male breast cancers can express prostate-specific antigen (15%) but not prostatic acid phosphatase 68 – 70. Oestrogen receptor, GCDFP-15 and cytokeratin 7 are uncommon in prostatic carcinoma,35 65 so expression of these markers favours breast cancer.…”

Section: Prostatementioning

confidence: 99%

The histological diagnosis of metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies

2007

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This study aims to review histological and immunohistochemical features that are useful in the diagnosis of metastases to the breast. Histological features were compared between non-haematological metastases to the breast and 100 consecutive core biopsy specimens of primary invasive carcinomas of the breast. 18 non-haematological metastases to the breast were diagnosed over a 10-year period (0.3% of malignant mammary tumours). Elastosis and carcinoma in situ were seen only in primary mammary cancers. Two-thirds of tumours had features raising the possibility of metastasis, such as clear cell carcinoma suggestive of renal origin and small cell carcinoma suggestive of pulmonary origin. The features observed in haematological metastases are also described. Immunohistochemical panels to distinguish mammary carcinoma (oestrogen receptor, gross cystic fluid protein-15) from common metastases to the breast, including carcinoma of the lung (thyroid transcription factor-1), malignant melanoma (S100, HMB45, melan-A) and ovarian serous papillary carcinoma (Wilms' tumour 1), are discussed. The pathologist has a key role in considering the diagnosis of metastasis to the breast if the histological features are unusual for a primary mammary tumour. The clinical history is vital in some cases. Immunohistochemistry plays a useful supplementary role.

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“…Metastatic prostatic cancer seeded to breast and primary breast cancer may be histologically indistinguishable without immunohistochemistry but differentiating between primary and metastatic disease within the breast is important as the treatment options for each are radically different. Carder et al [31] reported a case of prostatic carcinoma metastasising to the breast, which was at first diagnosed to be a primary breast cancer but subsequently, was confirmed to be a metastatic case from prostate cancer only after performing immunohistochemistry for PSA and PSAP, after a review at multidisciplinary meeting. After the recent knowledge about PSA expression in female breast cancers they investigated a small series of male breast cancers for PSA and PSAP expression.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reconnoitring the Status of Prostate Specific Antigen and its Role in Women

Dash

2014

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Expression of prostate specific antigen in male breast cancer

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of different prostatic markers in lymph node and distant metastases of prostate cancer

Comparison of different prostatic markers in lymph node and distant metastases of prostate cancer

The histological diagnosis of metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies

Reconnoitring the Status of Prostate Specific Antigen and its Role in Women

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