Expression of orexin A and its receptor 1 in the human prostate

Valiante, Salvatore; Liguori, Giovanna; Tafuri, Simona; Campese, Roberto; Monaco, Roberto; Paino, Salvatore; Laforgia, Vincenza; Staiano, Norma; Vittoria, Alfredo

doi:10.1111/joa.12030

Cited by 17 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Recently, three reports have published data on the presence of OXA-LI in normal human prostate, BPH and in prostate cancer (PC) [17,18,30]. In two of them IHC reaction products for ppOX and OXA were observed in the epithelium of human normal and hyperplastic prostatic glands and the presence of ppOX protein was confirmed by Western blotting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The French group, on the other hand, observed OXA-LI in 'fiber-like' structures of the stroma and no reaction was observed in cancerous foci of PC [30]. Moreover, Valiante et al [17,18] demonstrated also expression of ppOX by means of RT-PCR. In light of these discrepancies we performed studies on the expression of ppOX in 6 human prostatic cell lines -LNCaP; Du145; PC3; PrEC; PrSmC and PrSc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, in 2013 expression of OXA and OXR1 in human prostate and expression of OXR1 in human normal prostate epithelium immortalized cell line (PNT1A) was reported [17]. Recently the same group has demonstrated in human prostate carcinoma (PC) expression of ppOX and OXR1 at the mRNA levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In an attempt to solve the above mentioned discrepancies on the expression of ppOX in human prostate and prostatic cell lines, we had analyzed RT-PCR method applied in [17,18]. To our surprise, in studies on human prostate glands authors used rat brain as a positive control tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QPCR samples were separated in a 2% agarose gel prepared with GelStar Nucleic Acid Gel Stain [17,18]. GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) was the reference gene www.fhc.viamedica.pl (×10,000 concentrate in DMSO) (Lonza, Rockland, ME, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of expression of preproorexin and orexin receptors genes in human normal and prostate cancer cell lines

Szyszka

Paschke

Tyczewska

et al. 2016

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Introduction. Studies on expression of orexins (OXs) and their receptors in human prostate gland and human prostatic cell lines are scanty and their results contradictory. Regarding this, we carefully reinvestigated this problem on human prostatic cell lines. Material and methods. Expression of preproorexin (ppOX) (6 primer pairs), and orexin receptors 1 and 2 (OXR1, OXR2) (4 and 2 primer pairs, respectively) was assessed by conventional PCR and QPCR in human normal (PrEC, PrSc, PrSmC) and prostate carcinoma (Du145, LNCaP, and PC3) cell lines. We designed intron spanning primers and also we applied primers from earlier publications and commercially available ones. Results. With the designed primer pairs, in all studied cell lines we failed to demonstrate expression of ppOX, OXR1 and OXR2 genes at the mRNA level, while reaction products were observed in control tissues (human placenta and adrenals). Primers applied in earlier studies did not form amplification products specific for preproorexin or orexin 1 receptor. Some commercially available primers for orexin receptor 1 produced false positive results. Conclusions. We found no evidence for the presence of preproorexin-orexin receptors system genes' mRNAs in human prostate cell lines. The reported premises for these genes' expression in prostate and prostatic cell lines may have arisen either from the presence of non-prostate cells included in the samples or from faulty PCR settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of expression of preproorexin and orexin receptors genes in human normal and prostate cancer cell lines

Szyszka

Paschke

Tyczewska

et al. 2016

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Neuropeptides in Cancer: Friend and Foe?

Berisha

Borniger

2022

Advanced Biology

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highly dynamic network of various cell types (e.g., cancer cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts) that exert differential effects on neuronal activity within the local environment. Thus, complex signaling between cancer and stromal cells in the TME results in altered firing rates of local nerves. Reciprocally, increased neuronal activity and subsequent release of classical neurotransmitters and/or neuropeptides within the TME results in enhanced cancer progression and subsequent metastasis in various preclinical models and clinical studies. [5][6][7][8][9] Nerves interact with multiple stromal cells in the TME where they indirectly promote tumor growth, progression, and subsequent metastasis. [10] Several studies have demonstrated that sympathetic nerve innervation and subsequent release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) is increased in breast tumors. [6,8,9] However, recent work has demonstrated that there is an inverse relationship between tumor weight and norepinephrine content (i.e., larger the size of the tumor, the lower the levels of NE), despite increased innervation of sympathetic nerves within the TME. [11] These findings may be attributed to a relatively unexplored phenomenon: neuropeptide release within the TME. Neuropeptides are molecular messengers that regulate a variety of functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems via binding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on target cells. One of the many functions of neuropeptides is serving as growth factors for normal cells via the activation of the heterotrimeric G protein Gq and subsequent synthesis of second messengers and engagement of tyrosine phosphorylation cascades. Neuropeptides act as neuromodulators, in that they can alter the response of neurons to neurotransmitters and other circulating signals, such as leptin, ghrelin, glucose, and insulin-all of which are affected during cancer progression. [12][13][14][15][16][17] For example, both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and hypocretin/orexin neurons appear to mediate some of the orexigenic effects of centrally administered ghrelin as administration of NPY receptor antagonists attenuated ghrelininduced feeding. Similarly, ghrelin-induced feeding was suppressed in orexin knockout mice, indicating that ghrelin may stimulate feeding through both the orexin and NPY systems. [18] However, neuropeptide signaling is exploited within cancer cells and many studies demonstrate the contribution of neuropeptides in tumor cell proliferation and migration, [19] with many major neuropeptides also potentially contributing to cancer processes (see Table 1). Additionally, neuropeptides exert direct Neuropeptides are small regulatory molecules found throughout the body, most notably in the nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. They serve as neurotransmitters or hormones in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Cancer cells escape normal growth control mechanisms by altering their expression of growth factors, receptors, or intracellular signals, and neuropeptid...

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