Expression of Ki67 Biomarker in Oral Submucous Fibrosis with Clinico-Pathological Correlations: A Prospective Study

Abstract

Objectives: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is potentially malignant disorder known to transform into oral cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the degree and pattern of expression of aberrant Ki67 in OSMF, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in normal oral mucosa patients (NOM). The objective is to correlate between Ki67 expression and degree of dysplasia in OSMF patents and also Ki67 expression with clinical and histological grading of OSMF and OSCC patient. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with purposive sampling technique from Jan 2017 to April 2020.The study groups consist of 35 OSMF cases, 10 cases of each OSCC and NOM. The samples were immunohistochemically analyzed for expression Ki67 antigen using chi-square test (P < 0.05). Results: The expression of Ki67 was significantly higher in OSMF than that of NOM samples, but less than that of OSCC samples. Present study showed correlation between expression of Ki67 with clinical staging and histological grading both in OSMF and OSCC patients. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high incidence of Ki67 over expression in, OSMF and OSCC. Hence, Ki-67 can be widely used as a proliferation marker to measure growth fraction of cells in OSMF and also for determining the severity of epithelial dysplasia.

Potential Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Grading Oral Dysplasia: A Literature Review

“…In their study, Kamala et al [ 68 ] observed an increase in Ki-67 expression with the severity of dysplasia. The Ki-67 antigen can be used as a marker for histological evaluations of OED.…”

“…Ki-67-positive cells in well-differentiated OSCC were mainly located at the periphery of tumour nests; in moderately differentiated OSCC, they were located both at the periphery and in part of the centre of tumour nests, while they were scattered in the most poorly differentiated lesions. The study by Kamala et al [ 68 ] aimed to determine the degree and pattern of expression of aberrant Ki67 in OSMF. The study confirmed a statistically significant correlation between the expression of Ki-67 with the clinical and histological grading of OSMF and the histological grading of OSCC.…”

“…Cell division and proliferation p53 [53][54][55]75,76,117], Ki-67 [56,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76], CD105 [73,74], p63 [39,42,117], CD31 [39], CD34 [43], cycD1 [42], VEGF [43], YAP, Np63 [59], stathmin [80], CDKN1A [53] Epithelial-mesenchymal transition CK5\6 [96], CK19 [98], β-catenin [103,104], N-cadherin [109], E-cadherin [104][105][106][107], TWIST [111], VIM [107,108], PDPN [115,117], MMP-9 [108] Cell death regulation Bcl-2 [123,124], PDCD4 [128], HSP27 [131], cornulin [134] Cellular metabolism HIF-1a [136], iNOS...…”

Exploring Possible Diagnostic Precancerous Biomarkers for Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Narrative Review

“…It is believed that Ki67 functions somewhat like a surfactant, facilitating chromosome movement and interacting with the mitotic spindle to prevent the collapse of chromosomes into a chromatin mass after the disassembly of the nuclear membrane [39]. Ki67 serves as a marker of cell proliferation [40], and multiple experiments have confirmed its presence in the S-phase, G2-phase, and M-phase, except for the G0-phase [41]. However, there is variability in the expression of the Ki67 antigen during the G1 phase [42].…”