Expression of hematopoietic cell markers by retinal pigment epithelial cells

Limb, G. Astrid; Cj, Cole; Earley, O; Hollifield, RD; Russell, W. C.; Mr, Stanford

doi:10.1076/ceyr.16.10.985.9009

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…4 Similarly, RPE cells, which do not normally stain for CD68 in vivo, express this molecule under culture conditions as evidence of activation. 5 Upregulation of cell marker expression has become an important marker of injury in central nervous system tissues including the retina, 4 6 where GFAP upregulation in Muller cells occurs rapidly after retinal detachment 7 as well as following laser photocoagulation. 4 8 Neurotrophins (NT) are trophic and mitogenic proteins that have a role in the development, differentiation, connectivity, and survival of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system, including the retina.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser photocoagulation alters the pattern of staining for neurotrophin-4, GFAP, and CD68 in human retina

Ghazi-Nouri

Assi²,

Limb³

et al. 2003

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser photocoagulation alters the pattern of staining for neurotrophin-4, GFAP, and CD68 in human retina

Ghazi-Nouri

Assi²,

Limb³

et al. 2003

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…RPE cells possess macrophagelike properties, and have been shown to express hematopoietic cell markers in culture (Elner et al, 1992;Limb et al, 1997). Progressive retinal degeneration in Mitf vit/vit mutants is accompanied by a massive accumulation of 'macrophage-like' cells in the subretinal space between P21 and P60 (Boissy et al, 1987;Sidman et al, 1996), but it is not known if these cells are of monocyte-macrophage lineage, or alternatively, if they are RPE cells that have detached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered expression of the iron transporter Nramp1 (Slc11a1) during fetal development of the retinal pigment epithelium in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Mitfmi and Mitfvitiligo mouse mutants

Waes

Smith

Waes

et al. 2008

Experimental Eye Research

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Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor (Mitf) is expressed in neural crest cell-derived melanocytes, and in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) during ocular development. Mutations in Mitf are associated with auditory/visual/pigmentary syndromes in humans. Mitf mi/mi mouse mutants lack pigmentation, and are microphthalmic, while Mitf vit/vit mouse mutants display abnormal RPE pigmentation, and progressive retinal degeneration. Microarray analysis was used to identify novel downstream gene targets/pathways in the RPE that are altered by mutations in the transcription factor Mitf. Using the Affymetrix platform, gene expression profiles were generated using the eyes of E13.5 mouse fetuses that were wildtype, heterozygous, or homozygous for the Mitf mi mutation. In a separate experiment, eyes from E13.5 mouse fetuses homozygous for the Mitf vit mutation were compared to eyes from the C57BL/6 control background strain. Statistical analyses were performed using Robust Multiarray Average, mixed-effects ANOVA and random-variance t-tests. Altered expression of genes involved in pigment formation, melanosome biogenesis/transport, and redox homeostasis were observed. 12 genes were commonly mis-regulated in the eyes of both Mitf mutants: 10 of these genes were downregulated in both mutants relative to controls, while 2 of the genes (Nramp1 (Slc11a1) and epoxide hydrolase) were downregulated in Mitf mi/mi mutants, and conversely, upregulated in Mitf vit/vit mutants. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm altered gene/protein expression. RPE expression of the Fe +2 iron transporter Nramp1 (Slc11a1) has not previously been reported. Fe +2 is an important co-factor utilized by the iron-dependent isomerohydrolase RPE65 in the retinoid visual cycle. However, excess accumulation of Fe +2 in the RPE has recently been associated with oxidative damage and age-related macular degeneration. Abnormal pigmentation and increased activity of Slc11a1 in the RPE of Mitf vit mice may contribute to the pathology and progressive retinal degeneration observed in these mutants.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] It has also been observed in retinal pigment epithelial cells, 13,14 which are macrophage-like and expresses some hematopoietic markers. 15 The role of LAP in nonhematopoietic cell types is not yet clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy proteins are not universally required for phagosome maturation

2016

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Phagocytosis plays a central role in immunity and tissue homeostasis. After internalization of cargo into single-membrane phagosomes, these compartments undergo a maturation sequences that terminates in lysosome fusion and cargo degradation. Components of the autophagy pathway have recently been linked to phagosome maturation in a process called LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). In this process, autophagy machinery is thought to conjugate LC3 directly onto the phagosomal membrane to promote lysosome fusion. However, a recent study has suggested that ATG proteins may in fact impair phagosome maturation to promote antigen presentation. Here, we examined the impact of ATG proteins on phagosome maturation in murine cells using FCGR2A/FcgR-dependent phagocytosis as a model. We show that phagosome maturation is not affected in Atg5-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, or in Atg5-or Atg7-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages using standard assays of phagosome maturation. We propose that ATG proteins may be required for phagosome maturation under some conditions, but are not universally required for this process.

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Expression of hematopoietic cell markers by retinal pigment epithelial cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Laser photocoagulation alters the pattern of staining for neurotrophin-4, GFAP, and CD68 in human retina

Laser photocoagulation alters the pattern of staining for neurotrophin-4, GFAP, and CD68 in human retina

Altered expression of the iron transporter Nramp1 (Slc11a1) during fetal development of the retinal pigment epithelium in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Mitfmi and Mitfvitiligo mouse mutants

Autophagy proteins are not universally required for phagosome maturation

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