Expression of genes involved in brain GABAergic neurotransmission in three-spined stickleback exposed to near-future CO
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Lai, Floriana; Fagernes, Cathrine E.; Jutfelt, Fredrik; Nilsson, Göran

doi:10.1093/conphys/cox004

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This contrasts with a study on sea bass in which kcnn3 (a potassium channel activated by calcium and involved in decreasing neuronal excitability) and grm4 (a metabotropic glutamate receptor), were upregulated in the OB of fish exposed to low pH/high P CO 2 conditions up to 7 days ( Porteus et al, 2018 ). But is in alignment with studies of the brain of sticklebacks, where the expression of genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission were only slightly modified after 43 days' exposure to near-future CO 2 conditions ( Lai et al, 2017a ). Taken together, the evidence suggests that some physiological responses to OA are highly species-specific and that, in seabream, the olfactory system seems to change soon after exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Such short-term studies tend to look at the dynamic response during acclimation. More recently, studies have emerged describing behavioural effects of long term ( Lai et al, 2017a ) and even life long and transgenerational exposures to future ocean PCO2/pH conditions ( Welch et al, 2014 ). These long-term studies are important to establish whether fish can restore normal homeostasis or if they acquire a new homeostatic state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean acidification affects the expression of neuroplasticity and neuromodulation markers in seabream

et al. 2022

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A possible explanation for acidification-induced changes in fish behaviour is that acidification interferes with neurogenesis and modifies the plasticity of neuronal circuitry in the brain. We tested the effects on the olfactory system and brain of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) of four weeks’ exposure to OA. Olfactory epithelium (OE) morphology changed shortly after OA exposure and persisted over the four-weeks. Expression of genes related to olfactory transduction, neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, GABAergic innervation, and cell proliferation were unchanged in the OE and olfactory bulb (OB) after four weeks’ exposure. Short-term changes in the ionic content of plasma and extradural fluid (EDF) returned to control levels after four weeks exposure, except for [Cl−] which remained elevated. This suggests that, in general, there is an early physiological response to OA and by four weeks a new homeostatic status is achieved. However, expression of genes involved in proliferation, differentiation and survival of undifferentiated neurons were modified in the brain. In the same brain areas, expression of thyroid hormone signalling genes was altered suggesting modifications in the thyroid-system may be linked to the changes in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Overall, the results of the current study are consistent with and effect of OA on neuroplasticity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification affects the expression of neuroplasticity and neuromodulation markers in seabream

et al. 2022

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“…We can also speculate a similar regulation control for neurotransmission related genes Gria1a, gabra3 and DDC which did not exhibit differential expression in the present study after long term exposure to similar acidification conditions, when they were shown to be regulated during short term exposure to OA in European sea bass or stickleback (Lai et al 2017b;Porteus et al 2018). Interestingly, the regulation of these genes was associated with impaired olfaction in fish exposed to OA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Changes in brain neurotransmitter function and especially in the functioning of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor have been argued to explain these effects (Chivers et al 2014;Nilsson et al 2012;Regan et al 2016). In addition to modifying the neuronal Cland HCO3gradients that are important for the GABAA receptor function, OA was shown to up-regulate the mRNA expression of α family subunits (α1, α3, α4 and α6b) of the GABAA receptor in brains of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) (Lai et al 2017b). Interestingly, recent data obtained in two teleost species [European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)] indicated that OA associated to near future elevated CO2 induces significant changes in gene expression involved in neurotransmission signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to near-future ocean acidification does not affect the expression of neurogenesis- and synaptic transmission-related genes in the olfactory bulb of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

et al. 2020

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The decrease in ocean pH that results from the increased concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) is likely to influence many physiological functions in organisms. It has been shown in different fish species that ocean acidification (OA) mainly affects sensory systems, including olfaction. Impairment of olfactory function may be due to a dysfunction of the GABAergic system and to an alteration of neuronal plasticity in the whole brain and particularly in olfactory bulbs. Recent studies revealed that OA-driven effects on sensory systems are partly mediated by the regulation of the expression of genes involved in neurotransmission and neuronal development. However, these studies were performed in fish exposed to acidified waters for short periods, of only a few days. In the present paper, we investigated whether such effects could be observed in adult (4-years old) European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to two hypercapnic and acidified conditions (PCO2 ≈ 980 µatm; pH total = 7.7 and PCO2 ≈ 1520 µatm; pH total = 7.5) from the larval stage. In a first approach, we analyzed by qPCR the expression of five genes involved in neurogenesis (DCX) or expressed in GABAergic (Gabra3), glutamatergic (Gria1) or dopaminergic (TH and DDC) neurons in the olfactory bulbs. The tested experimental conditions did not change the expression of any of the five genes. This result would indicate that a potential disruption of the olfactory function of sea bass exposed for a long term to near-future OA, either occurs at a level other than the transcriptional one or involves other actors of the sensory function.

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“…Other fish species have two gad1 genes, designated as gad1a and gad1b , and a single gad2 gene. 61−63 In zebrafish, gad1a is located on chromosome 9, gad1b on chromosome 6, and gad2 on chromosome 24 (VanLeuven, A. J.; Ball, R. E.; Gunderson, C. E.; Lauderdale, J. D., submitted). Our gad MOs are designed to bind to the translation start sites of their respective transcript units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bypassing Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) Induced Craniofacial Defects with a Photoactivatable Translation Blocker Morpholino

O'Connor

Beebe

Deodato

et al. 2018

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) mediated signaling is critical in the central and enteric nervous systems, pancreas, lungs, and other tissues. It is associated with many neurological disorders and craniofacial development. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) synthesizes GABA from glutamate, and knockdown of the gad1 gene results in craniofacial defects that are lethal in zebrafish. To bypass this and enable observation of the neurological defects resulting from knocking down gad1 expression, a photoactivatable morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) against gad1 was prepared by cyclization with a photocleavable linker rendering the MO inactive. The cyclized MO was stable in the dark and toward degradative enzymes and was completely linearized upon brief exposure to 405 nm light. In the course of investigating the function of the ccMOs in zebrafish, we discovered that zebrafish possess paralogous gad1 genes, gad1a and gad1b. A gad1b MO injected at the 1-4 cell stage caused severe morphological defects in head development, which could be bypassed, enabling the fish to develop normally, if the fish were injected with a photoactivatable, cyclized gad1b MO and grown in the dark. At 1 day post fertilization (dpf), light activation of the gad1b MO followed by observation at 3 and 7 dpf led to increased and abnormal electrophysiological brain activity compared to wild type animals. The photocleavable linker can be used to cyclize and inactivate any MO, and represents a general strategy to parse the function of developmentally important genes in a spatiotemporal manner.

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Expression of genes involved in brain GABAergic neurotransmission in three-spined stickleback exposed to near-future CO ₂

Cited by 7 publications

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Ocean acidification affects the expression of neuroplasticity and neuromodulation markers in seabream

Ocean acidification affects the expression of neuroplasticity and neuromodulation markers in seabream

Long-term exposure to near-future ocean acidification does not affect the expression of neurogenesis- and synaptic transmission-related genes in the olfactory bulb of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Bypassing Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) Induced Craniofacial Defects with a Photoactivatable Translation Blocker Morpholino

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Expression of genes involved in brain GABAergic neurotransmission in three-spined stickleback exposed to near-future CO 2

Cited by 7 publications

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Ocean acidification affects the expression of neuroplasticity and neuromodulation markers in seabream

Ocean acidification affects the expression of neuroplasticity and neuromodulation markers in seabream

Long-term exposure to near-future ocean acidification does not affect the expression of neurogenesis- and synaptic transmission-related genes in the olfactory bulb of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Bypassing Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) Induced Craniofacial Defects with a Photoactivatable Translation Blocker Morpholino

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Expression of genes involved in brain GABAergic neurotransmission in three-spined stickleback exposed to near-future CO ₂