Expression of choline acetyltransferase in rat spinal motoneurons after antiorthostatic suspemsion

Islamov, R. R.; Tyapkina, O. V.; Bukharaeva, É. A.; Yagodina, L. O.; Ibragimova, N. N.; Valiullina, V V; Kozlovskaya, I. B.; Nikolsky, E. E.

doi:10.1134/s0012496607030106

Dokl Biol Sci

2007

DOI: 10.1134/s0012496607030106

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Expression of choline acetyltransferase in rat spinal motoneurons after antiorthostatic suspemsion

R. R. Islamov

O. V. Tyapkina

É. A. Bukharaeva

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Taking into account the data of the literature on the involvement of spontaneous release of acetylcholine in the neurotrophic control of some properties of muscle fibers [6][7][8] and the development of denervation like changes in muscle [14] and the reduced amount of the enzyme synthesizing acetylcholine in motor neurons [15] in hypogravity, the increase in the intensity of the spontaneous release of acetylcholine after functional unloading observed in our study is of interest, because this allows us to conclude that the appearance of den ervation like changes in the muscle tissue in the pro cess of the development of hypogravity syndrome is not due to reduction of the neurotrophic effects of acetylcholine released from the endings of motor neu rons. It can be assumed that the increased intensity of the spontaneous quantal and non quantal secretion of acetylcholine is a compensatory response in the "motoneuron-muscle fiber" system, namely, the maintenance and/or enhancement of the trophic influence of the neurotransmitter whose evoked release decreases under the hypogravity unloading conditions.…”

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Quantal and non-quantal acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions of muscles of different types in a model of hypogravity

et al. 2013

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In the space flight environment and in models of the effects of weightlessness on Earth, the functional unloading of skeletal muscles leads to the development of the so called hypogravity syndrome expressed, in particular, in a number of morphological and func tional changes in the neuromuscular system. The characteristic features of this syndrome include hypo tonia, displacement of the myosin profile of the skele tal muscle in the direction of the fast form of myosin, hypotrophy, and reduction of the maximum contrac tion force [1,2].It has been repeatedly noted that the changes in skeletal muscle in hypogravity in certain respects are similar to the changes arising from disturbance of the neurotrophic effect of the motor neurons due to par tial or complete damage to the motor nerve [3][4][5]. It has been found that, in the postural muscles that pro vide postural tonic activity, the changes both after denervation and after exposure to hypogravity occur earlier than in the muscles providing phasic activity. These data suggest that a component determined by the disturbance of the trophic influence of the motor innervation is present in hypogravity syndrome.Acetylcholine released from the motor nerve ter minal is regarded as one of the neurotrophic factors controlling the properties of skeletal muscle fibers [4,6]. To date, the existence of three types of secretion of acetylcholine (spontaneous quantal, evoked quan tal and non quantal) has been proved. Exocytosis of synaptic vesicles filled with acetylcholine is the basis of the mechanism of the first two types of neurosecre tion, whereas the non quantal secretion is provided transmembrane transport proteins "pumping" acetyl choline from the cytoplasm of the nerve endings into the synaptic cleft [7,8]. It should be noted that the experimental evidence of the trophic influence of each of these types of acetylcholine secretion has been obtained to date [6,7,9,10]. Therefore, it was natural to assume a connection of hypogravity motor syn drome pathogenesis with certain changes in the pro cesses of release of acetylcholine. However, it turned out that, no systemic research of the states of all forms of acetylcholine release from the motor nerve endings in certain phases of development of hypogravity motor syndrome has been conducted.Here, we studied the intensity of all three types of secretion of acetylcholine in the synapses of skeletal muscles of different functional types in animals under the conditions of long hypogravity unloading.Experiments were performed on adult male Wistar rats weighing 260-280 g. The animals were divided into two groups. The rats included in the control group were kept under ordinary vivarium conditions for nor mal motor activity, whereas experimental animals were under the conditions of antiorthostatic hindlimb suspension, which is a conventional model of hypo gravity unloading [11], for 35 days. Animals were decapitated under ether anesthesia, and muscles with nerves innervating them were isolated immediately before electrophysiological st...

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Quantal and non-quantal acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions of muscles of different types in a model of hypogravity

et al. 2013

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Changes in the Neurochemical Composition of Motor Neurons of the Spinal Cord in Mice under Conditions of Space Flight

et al. 2017

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Expression of choline acetyltransferase, 200-kDa neurofilament protein, 28-kDa calbindin, neuronal NO synthase, caspase 3, and Ki-67 in the motor neurons of spinal cord segments T3-T5 in male C57Bl/6 mice after 30-day space flight in the Bion-M1 biosatellite was studied by immunohistochemical methods. Under conditions space flight, the size of motoneurons increased, the number of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase and neurofilaments, decreased, and the number of calbindin-positive neurons increased; motoneurons, expressing neuronal NO synthase and caspase 3 appeared, while Ki-67 was not detected. Fragmentation of neurons with the formation structures similar to apoptotic (residual) bodies was observed in individual caspase 3-positive motoneurons.

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Apoptosis resistance of rat spinal motoneurons under simulated microgravity

et al. 2008

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Expression of choline acetyltransferase in rat spinal motoneurons after antiorthostatic suspemsion

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Quantal and non-quantal acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions of muscles of different types in a model of hypogravity

Quantal and non-quantal acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions of muscles of different types in a model of hypogravity

Changes in the Neurochemical Composition of Motor Neurons of the Spinal Cord in Mice under Conditions of Space Flight

Apoptosis resistance of rat spinal motoneurons under simulated microgravity

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