Expression of CD21 is developmentally regulated during thymic maturation of human T lymphocytes

Fischer, Elizabeth; Mouhoub, Amal; Maillet, F; Frémeaux‐Bacchi, Véronique; Krief, Corinne; Gould, Hannah; Berrih‐Aknin, Sonia; Kazatchkine, Michel D.

doi:10.1093/intimm/11.11.1841

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Early in life, there is a large generation of cells emerging from the bone marrow into the periphery, including CD21 expressing B cells [19]. Those hematopoietic cells may cause higher serum sCD21 levels in younger individuals and this is similarly true for patients with SSc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum levels of soluble CD21 in patients with systemic sclerosis

et al. 2010

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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic disorder that typically results in fibrosis of the skin and multiple internal organ systems. Although the precise mechanism is unknown, overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagens and fibronectins, and aberrant immune activation might be involved in the pathogenesis. The soluble cluster of differentiation 21 (sCD21) represents the extracellular portion of the CD21 glycoprotein that is released by shedding from the cell surfaces into plasma. sCD21 binds complement fragments and activates monocytes through binding to membrane CD23. The present study was undertaken to investigate the serum levels of sCD21 in patients with SSc. Serum sCD21 levels were reduced with age both in patients with SSc and normal controls. Serum sCD21 levels in patients with SSc were significantly decreased compared to those in control subjects. When we divided patients with SSc into limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), patients with lcSSc had lower levels of serum sCD21 than those with dcSSc. Moreover, the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis in the patients with dcSSc inversely correlated with serum sCD21 levels. Our finding may support the notion that B-cell activation is involved in the mechanism for pulmonary fibrosis and skin sclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum levels of soluble CD21 in patients with systemic sclerosis

et al. 2010

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“…11 In T cells, the expression of CD21 is developmentally regulated as double negative thymocytes express membrane bound CD21. 12 Ligation of CD21 results in various signals that are critical for normal B cell responses. Crosslinking CD21 with C3d or certain anti CD21 antibodies in the presence of T cell factors leads to B cell proliferation and differentiation.…”

Section: Function Of Cr2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21)

Dash

Das²

2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Human complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21) is a surface-associated glycoprotein which binds to a variety of endogenous ligands, including the complement component C3 fragments iC3b, C3dg and C3d, the low-affinity IgE receptor CD23, and the type I cytokine, interferon-alpha. This receptor serves as an important interface between the complement system and adaptive immunity. It is expressed on B-lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, some epithelial cells, peripheral blood T cells. CR2 also play an important role in enhancing humoral immunity to T-dependent and T-independent foreign antigens and in regulating T-cell immunity to self and non-self-antigens. It is an important receptor that amplifies B lymphocyte activation by bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. CR2 ligands include complement C3d and Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein 350/220. Regions of EBV have structural similarity to C3dg, which allows it to bind CR2, and thereby gain access to cell’s interior. It also acts as receptor for other components or activators of innate immunity such as IFN-α, an anti-viral cytokine and DNA-DNA containing complexes such as chromatin. The binding of CR2 to IFN-α is speculated to cause B cell activation but their roles are still not clear. Variations or deletions of the CR2 gene in humans, or the Cr2 gene in mice associate with a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.

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“…In T cells, the expression of CD21 is developmentally regulated as double negative thymocytes express membrane bound CD21 (Fischer et al, 1999). On mature B cells, CD21 forms a noncovalent signal transduction complex in the plasma membrane together with CD81, Leu-13 and the pan-B cell antigen CD19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and characterization of soluble CD21 from human plasma by affinity chromatography and density gradient centrifugation

Masilamani

Apell

Illges

2002

Journal of Immunological Methods

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Complement receptor II (CD21) is the receptor for C3d fragments on immune complexes. It also serves as a receptor for Epstein -Barr virus (EBV) and on B-lymphocytes CD21 amplifies signalling through the B cell receptor. CD21 is shed from the surface of the cell and is found circulating in plasma. There, soluble CD21 (sCD21) binds to CD23 and complement fragments, thereby modulating the immune response. sCD21 activates monocytes through binding to membrane CD23. The clinical significance of sCD21 is shown by the increased levels found in the sera of patients with B lymphomas, EBV infections and other lymphoblastoid tumors. In this paper, we report the isolation of soluble CD21 from human plasma using affinity chromatography and density gradient centrifugation. sCD21 was found to be a single 126 kDa molecular species. By determining the sedimentation coefficient, we have calculated the partial specific volume, diffusion coefficient and frictional coefficient of the protein. These values show that the sCD21 isolated from human plasma is an elongated rod-shaped molecule. D

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Expression of CD21 is developmentally regulated during thymic maturation of human T lymphocytes

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Serum levels of soluble CD21 in patients with systemic sclerosis

Serum levels of soluble CD21 in patients with systemic sclerosis

Complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21)

Purification and characterization of soluble CD21 from human plasma by affinity chromatography and density gradient centrifugation

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