Serum levels of soluble CD21 in patients with systemic sclerosis

Tomita, Masatoshi; Kadono, Takafumi; Yazawa, Norihito; Kawashima, Tomoko; Tamaki, Zenshiro; Ashida, Ryuichi; Ohmatsu, Hanako; Asano, Yoshihide; Sugaya, Makoto; Kubo, Masahide; Ihn, Hironobu; Tamaki, Kunihiko; Sato, Shinichi

doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1610-3

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For instance, the level of CD21 in serum of patients with lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, and systemic sclerosis is decreased [19,23,24]. In addition, there is some evidence regarding the role of CD21 in the pathogenesis of MS. For instance, CD21 serves as a receptor for Epstein-Barr virus, which per se is suggested to be related to the MS [25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytometric profiling in various clinical forms of multiple sclerosis with respect to CD21+, CD32+, and CD35+ B and T cells

Zandieh

Izad

Fakhri

et al. 2013

Transl Neurodegener

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BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the frequency of various types of B and T cells expressing CD21, CD32, and CD35 in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical courses.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cell from 30 MS patients (17 relapsing remitting [RRMS], six secondary progressive [SPMS], and seven primary progressive MS [PPMS]) and 18 healthy subjects were analyzed. All patients were in acute attack. Healthy controls were matched for age and gender ratio. The frequencies of various subsets of B and T cells were determined using flow cytometry.ResultsThe frequency of CD4+T cells was lower in MS patients compared to control subjects (41.14 ± 9.45% vs. 46.88 ± 6.98%, respectively, P < 0.05). The CD32+ fraction of CD4+T cells and the CD21+ fraction of CD8+T cells were higher in MS patients (2.85 ± 3.72% vs. 1.06 ± 0.62% for CD32+CD4+T cells, 2.71 ± 1.86% vs. 1.16 ± 0.99% for CD21+CD8+T cells in MS patients and control subjects, respectively, P < 0.05). After dividing subjects by type of MS course, higher values of these two T cell subsets were found in SPMS patients compared to control subjects (P < 0.05). Further, RRMS patients had lower levels of CD32+CD4+T cells than SPMS patients and also they had lower levels of CD32+CD8+T cells than PPMS patients (P < 0.05). However, neither the expression of CD35 on T cells nor the various B cell subsets were statistically different between the compared groups.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that T cell subsets expressing CD21 and CD32 may differ with respect to the presence or clinical forms of MS disease. By contrast, CD35+T cells and different subsets of B cells are not altered in various MS clinical courses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it may be plausible to suggest CD8 + T cells as chief cells that associate CD21 with MS disease. Considering the influence of age and interferon-β therapy on CD21 [23,27,28], one possible strength of the current study is that we controlled the effects of these two potentially confounding variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytometric profiling in various clinical forms of multiple sclerosis with respect to CD21+, CD32+, and CD35+ B and T cells

Zandieh

Izad

Fakhri

et al. 2013

Transl Neurodegener

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“…A recent study found that the level of sCR2 was elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients and correlated with the severity of the disease. Furthermore, an in vitro study showed that sCR2 inhibited the cleavage of C3 into iC3b, which mediated the clearance of debris from the inflammatory site [151-153]. These findings suggest a novel function of sCR2 in human neuro-inflammation.…”

Section: Complement In Ischemic Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Complement System in Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Aging and disease

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The complement system is an essential part of innate immunity, typically conferring protection via eliminating pathogens and accumulating debris. However, the defensive function of the complement system can exacerbate immune, inflammatory, and degenerative responses in various pathological conditions. Cumulative evidence indicates that the complement system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury, as the depletion of certain complement components or the inhibition of complement activation could reduce ischemic brain injury. Although multiple candidates modulating or inhibiting complement activation show massive potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical availability of complement inhibitors remains limited. The complement system is also involved in neural plasticity and neurogenesis during cerebral ischemia. Thus, unexpected side effects could be induced if the systemic complement system is inhibited. In this review, we highlighted the recent concepts and discoveries of the roles of different kinds of complement components, such as C3a, C5a, and their receptors, in both normal brain physiology and the pathophysiology of brain ischemia. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed the current development of complement-targeted therapy for ischemic stroke and discussed the challenges of bringing these therapies into the clinic. The design of future experiments was also discussed to better characterize the role of complement in both tissue injury and recovery after cerebral ischemia. More studies are needed to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how complement components exert their functions in different stages of ischemic stroke to optimize the intervention of targeting the complement system.

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“…Levels of sCD21 were found lower in SSc than in HC, especially in case of lcSSc and ILD, but not associated with autoantibody profile (46). Concentrations of sCD23 in SSc were higher than in HC in a single study (47).…”

Section: Soluble Markers Of B Cell Activation In Systemic Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 70%

Soluble markers of B cell activation suggest a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension

Sangès

Guerrier

Duhamel³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionSoluble markers of B cell activation are interesting diagnostic and prognostic tools in autoimmune diseases. Data in systemic sclerosis (SSc) are scarce and few studies focused on their association with disease characteristics.Methods1. Serum levels of 14 B cell biomarkers (β2-microglobulin, rheumatoid factor (RF), immunoglobulins (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, BAFF, APRIL, soluble (s)TACI, sBCMA sCD21, sCD23, sCD25, sCD27, CXCL13) were measured in SSc patients and healthy controls (HC). 2. Associations between these biomarkers and SSc characteristics were assessed. 3. The pathophysiological relevance of identified associations was explored by studying protein production in B cell culture supernatant.ResultsIn a discovery panel of 80 SSc patients encompassing the broad spectrum of disease manifestations, we observed a higher frequency of RF positivity, and increased levels of β2-microglobulin, IgG and CXCL13 compared with HC. We found significant associations between several biomarkers and SSc characteristics related to disease phenotype, activity and severity. Especially, serum IgG levels were associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH); β2-microglobulin with Nt-pro-BNP and DLCO; and BAFF with peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV). In a validation cohort of limited cutaneous SSc patients without extensive ILD, we observed lower serum IgG levels, and higher β2-microglobulin, sBCMA, sCD23 and sCD27 levels in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). BAFF levels strongly correlated with Nt-pro-BNP levels, FVC/DLCO ratio and peak TRV in SSc-PAH patients. Cultured SSc B cells showed increased production of various angiogenic factors (angiogenin, angiopoietin-1, VEGFR-1, PDGF-AA, MMP-8, TIMP-1, L-selectin) and decreased production of angiopoietin-2 compared to HC.ConclusionSoluble markers of B cell activation could be relevant tools to assess organ involvements, activity and severity in SSc. Their associations with PAH could plead for a role of B cell activation in the pathogenesis of pulmonary microangiopathy. B cells may contribute to SSc vasculopathy through production of angiogenic mediators.

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Serum levels of soluble CD21 in patients with systemic sclerosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Cytometric profiling in various clinical forms of multiple sclerosis with respect to CD21+, CD32+, and CD35+ B and T cells

Cytometric profiling in various clinical forms of multiple sclerosis with respect to CD21+, CD32+, and CD35+ B and T cells

Significance of Complement System in Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review

Soluble markers of B cell activation suggest a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension

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