Expression of androgen receptor in meningiomas

Abstract

In order to investigate the expression of androgen receptor (AR) in meningiomas and its relation to tumor proliferative potential, we examined the expression of AR and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) by avidine-biotin complex immunohistochemistry in 39 cases of meningiomas. Of the 39 cases of meningiomas, 20(51%) showed positive AR immunoreactivity. The AR expression positivity rates were 31% (6/19) in benign meningiomas, 58% (7/12) in atypical meningiomas, 87.5% (7/8) in malignant meningiomas, respectively. In addition to the tumor cells, cells of microvascular endothelial proliferation were frequently AR positive. Malignant meningiomas had a significantly higher percentage of AR positive cells compared with atypical and benign meningiomas (P < 0.05). The mean proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (PCNA LI) was significantly higher in the malignant meningiomas when compared with atypical meningiomas (P < 0.05) and benign meningiomas (P < 0.05). AR positive meningiomas had higher PCNA LI than AR negative meningiomas (P < 0.05). The expression of AR in tumor tissues was significantly related with PCNA LI. These data indicated that AR in the meningiomas was correlated with histological grade and AR might participate in the growth of these tumors and tumor angiogenesis. The measurement of AR in these tumors may indirectly represent tumor growth potential.

Recurrence/Regrowth in Grade I Meningioma: How to Predict?

“…In our research, low expression of AR (6.5%) was observed, in contrast to the literature, in which the values for grade I meningiomas range from 31.0 to 40.3% (11,13,92), and in all grades from 18.3 to 67% (82,86,93) (Table 10). These variations may be due to differences in the immunomarker and/or population sensitivities.…”

“…Other studies have reported a positive relation between high Ki67 expression and increased AR expression (82,92). Immunostaining of AR was observed in proliferative endothelial cells of tumor microvasculature, together with nuclear labeling, leading to the conclusion that AR was related to Ki67 and tumor grade, and probably participates in the growth processes and neoangiogenesis of meningiomas (92). On the other hand, low AR expression and the absence of a relation with recurrence in most studies suggest that AR does not influence on the pathogenesis and growth of grade I meningiomas.…”

State of the Art on the Prediction of Tunneling-Induced Ground Deformations

“…An artificial neural network (ANN) is incorporated with 113 of monitored field results to predict surface settlement for a tunnel site with prescribed conditions by Kim and Bae [32] in 2001. Applying the use of a new artificial neural network to the construction of Shanghai 2 line in 2001, Suihui Wang and Guorong Pan [33] proved the theory of artificial neural network used to predict ground deformation due to tunneling is better than others．The high accuracy of artificial neural network has been favored by many successful examples.…”

Numerical Techniques for Predicting Pyroshock Responses of Aerospace Structures

“…This analysis method has been widely used seismic response analysis [16,17]. Also, some researchers used this method in explosion-induced seismic response analysis [18] and other shock response computation [19].…”