Expression levels of ethylene biosynthetic genes and senescence-related genes in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) with ultra-long-life flowers

Abstract

a b s t r a c tCarnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) line 532-6 has ultra-long flower life (29 days without chemical treatment). We investigated ethylene production and expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes and senescence-related genes in the flowers of 532-6 in comparison with those of a control cultivar, 'Francesco' and a cultivar with long flower life, 'Miracle Rouge' (MR). 'Francesco' flowers, but not those of MR and 532-6, showed typical symptoms of ethylene-dependent senescence. The flowers of MR and 532-6 produced very low levels of ethylene as a result of very low expression levels of two ethylene biosynthetic genes, DcACS1 and DcACO1. The expression of some senescence-related genes (DcbGal, DcGST1 and DcLip) increased in 'Francesco' petals by day 6, but remained low in the petals of MR and 532-6 throughout the experiment, whereas there was a small difference between the levels of the DcCP1 transcript in MR and 532-6. The expression of DcCPIn was regulated differently in all three cultivars. In 'Francesco' petals, the DcCPIn expression level sharply decreased on day 6 and 7; in MR, the DcCPIn level increased on day 7 and decreased by day 16, whereas in 532-6 it increased on day 3 and then gradually decreased until day 25. The results suggest that the extended flower life of MR and 532-6 in comparison with 'Francesco' depends on reduced levels of ethylene production, low levels of ethylene biosynthetic gene expression, and senescence-related gene expression; the difference between MR and 532-6 may be due, in particular, to DcCPIn and DcCP1.

Role of Nano-silver and the Bacterial Strain Enterobacter cloacae in Increasing Vase Life of Cut Carnation ‘Omea’

“…The expression of DcCPi was found to be highest in 25 mg L -1 NAg treated flowers, followed by 50 mg L -1 treated and control flowers. These levels corresponded to vase life of the cut flowers and supported the findings of Tanase et al (2013 , 2015) , who reported that DcCPi acts as a suppressor of petal senescence in different carnation cultivars. In addition, Kim et al (1999) and Sugawara et al (2002) also demonstrated the role of CPi gene in senescence of carnation flowers.…”

Characterization of the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) involved in long vase life of different carnation cultivars

“…These results mirrored the vase life of the cut flower. In addition, this study also supported the finding by Tanase et al [ 30 ], because they recently claimed that the DcCPI acts as a suppressor of petal senescence in two carnation cultivars, the long-life cultivar MR and the ultra-long-life cultivar 532–6.…”

“…Cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene ( DcCPI ) plays an important role in the regulation of carnation petal senescence by inhibiting the cysteine proteinase gene ( DcCPase ), which leads to the decomposition of cell components and cell death during petal senescence [ 28 – 30 ]. In this study, the expression of DcCPI responded differently to the treatments; its transcript level was found to be the highest in 10 mg L −1 SNP treatment, followed by the other treatments (5 > 15 > 1 mg L −1 ), whereas the lowest transcript levels were noted in the control and 20 mg L −1 SNP.…”

Ethylene Role in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence: Interaction with Other Phytohormones

“…Expression of ACS and ACO genes increased and are often coordinately regulated during flower senescence (Trivellini et al, 2011a; Ichimura and Niki, 2014; Tanase et al, 2015). Their suppression by antisense technology has been successful in prolonging floral display life.…”