Characterization of the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) involved in long vase life of different carnation cultivars

Abstract

BackgroundSodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been previously shown to extend the vase life of various cut flowers; however, its positive effect on extending vase life of carnations has not been well documented. Moreover, the role of SNP in the mechanisms underlying determination of vase life of cut carnations has also not been well addressed.ResultsSNP increased vase life of Tico Viola carnations along with their relative fresh weight (RFW). Among the treatments, the flowers treated with 10 mg L−1 SNP had the longest vase life and maximum relative fresh weight (RFW). This was achieved through significant suppression of ethylene production via downregulation of ethylene biosynthesis and petal senescence-related genes, and through an increase in the scavenging mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by antioxidant activity during flower vase life. In addition, the positive efficacy of SNP could also be confirmed using 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and different cultivars, resulting in similar trends for both experiments.ConclusionTaken together, these results suggest that SNP plays a crucial role in multiple modes of action that are associated with the longevity of cut carnation flowers.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-017-1097-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Involvement of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) in the Mechanism That Delays Stem Bending of Different Gerbera Cultivars

“…Despite the application of various antimicrobial agents to extend the vase life of gerbera, the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor that is involved in multiple modes of action associated with vase life, has not been used to date for this flower. Indeed, SNP has improved the vase life of various cut flowers, such as rose, gladiolus, and carnation ( Zeng et al, 2011 ; Liao et al, 2013 ; Dwivedi et al, 2016 ; Naing et al, 2017 ), by downregulating ethylene biosynthesis and senescence-associated genes and by enhancing antioxidant activity. In addition, SNP has shown antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of Clostridium sporogenes, Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli , which are the most commonly observed bacteria in the xylem of cut flowers ( Joannou et al, 1998 ; Seabra et al, 2010 ; Martínez-Ruiz et al, 2011 ; Cardozo et al, 2014 ).…”

6-Benzylamino purine outperforms Kinetin and Thidiazuron in ameliorating flower longevity in Calendula officinalis L. by orchestrating physiological and biochemical responses

“…An upregulated activities of SOD, CAT and APX enzymes were recorded in petal tissues supplemented with BAP, KN and TDZ. The association of high antioxidant enzyme activity and flower longevity has been reported in several cut flowers such as carnations, chrysanthemums, red dragon, gerbera, gladiolus and iris (Dwivedi et al, 2016;Ahmad and Tahir, 2016;Naing et al, 2017;Hemati et al, 2019).…”

Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Nitric Oxide-Regulated Senescence of Cut Lily Flowers

“…Thus, the dual role of NO as an effective antioxidant or potent oxidant is dependent on NO concentrations ( Beligni and Lamattina, 1999 ). Exogenous NO at a relatively low dose could increase vase life of various kinds of cut flowers, such as roses ( Liao et al, 2013 ), tuberose ( Beni et al, 2013 ), gladiolus ( Dwivedi et al, 2016 ), gerberas ( Shabanian et al, 2018 ), sunflowers, lisianthus ( Nazirimoghaddam et al, 2014 ), lilies, snapdragons, delphiniums, tulips, irises, chrysanthemums ( Badiyan et al, 2004 ), pineapple lilies ( Salachna and Byczyńska, 2017 ), and carnations ( Naing et al, 2017 ). It also appears that Ca 2+ plays a critical role during postharvest freshness.…”