Expression and processing of the canine calicivirus capsid precursor

Matsuura, Yuichi; Tohya, Yukinobu; Onuma, Mihoko; Roerink, Frank; Mochizuki, Masahito; Sugimura, Takaaki

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-81-1-195

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…the mature 2117 VP1 appears consistent, since in other vesiviruses this motif has already been reported as the potential (Matsuura et al, 2000;Neill, 1992;Neill et al, 1998) or actual (Sosnovtsev et al, 1998) processing site of the protein through the viral protease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Identification of a calicivirus isolate of unknown origin

Oehmig¹,

Büttner²,

Weiland³

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells manifesting striking cytopathogenic changes in culture were investigated to determine the causative agent. Electron microscopic analyses revealed viral particles of about 40 nm in diameter, displaying typical calicivirus morphology. To date, this virus, designated isolate 2117, exclusively replicates in CHO cells, achieving only moderate titres. After cloning, the coding region of 7928 nucleotides, the 39 non-coding region and the poly(A) tail were sequenced. The genome consists of three open reading frames (ORFs), with the first and second ORF having the same reading frame. The overall genomic organization as well as the nucleotide sequence of isolate 2117 is most similar to that of a recently described canine calicivirus, but also shows significant similarity to the sequences of mink calicivirus and other caliciviruses within the genus Vesivirus. In Western blots, using antibodies against the viral protease, a stable, unprocessed 3CD protein of 68 kDa was identified in homogenates of 2117-infected CHO cells. Furthermore, antibodies raised against ORF 3 reacted with the respective protein in 2117-virions, demonstrating that this predicted 9 kDa protein is a minor structural component of the virion. In addition, an RT-PCR assay was established to detect 2117 viral RNA in biological products such as foetal bovine serum, which will aid the discovery of the origin and host of the virus. INTRODUCTIONThe isolation of caliciviruses from diverse species has been reported by many investigators. These viruses have been classified into four genera: Vesivirus, e.g. vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV); Lagovirus, e.g. rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV); the human genera Norovirus and Sappovirus (Capucci et al., 1996; Green et al., 1994Green et al., , 2000Ohlinger et al., 1990;Schaffer et al., 1980, Smith et al., 1979Studdert, 1978;Wirblich et al., 1994). In addition, caliciviruses have been isolated from mink, dog, cattle and non-human primates (Dastjerdi et al., 1999(Dastjerdi et al., , 2000Guo et al., 2001; Liu et al., 1999a;Mochizuki et al., 1993;Smith et al., 1985).In humans, caliciviruses represent the main cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis (Clarke & Lambden, 1997b), whereas animal caliciviruses can cause vesicular lesions in swine and sea lions, respiratory illness and conjunctivitis in cats, and severe haemorrhagic liver diseases in rabbits and hares (Neill et al., 1998;Smith et al., 1973). While VESV, SMSV or FCV can easily be propagated in cell culture and cause a cytopathogenic effect within a few hours (Studdert, 1978), there is no cell culture system available for lagoviruses or human caliciviruses (Konig et al., 1998; White et al., 1996). Caliciviruses consist of non-enveloped virions 32-40 nm in diameter. Electron microscopy has revealed that several, but not all species, display typical cup-shaped surface depressions, the characteristic 'calyx' morph...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Identification of a calicivirus isolate of unknown origin

Oehmig¹,

Büttner²,

Weiland³

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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“…The predicted molecular mass of 58 kDa for the Newbury1 and NB capsid proteins contrasted with the 49 kDa previously determined for Newbury1 by Western blot analysis (Dastjerdi et al, 2000). The smaller mass might be due to cleavage of a precursor capsid protein, as described for the genus Vesivirus (Matsuura et al, 2000;Sosnovtsev et al, 1998), or translation of a subgenomic RNA of the Newbury1 capsid gene at a predicted initiation codon located at nucleotide 5326 in the Newbury1 genome (5327 for the NB genome). The molecular mass of the NB capsid protein has not been reported.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…ORFs 1 and 2 of the noroviruses overlap but those of the vesiviruses are separated by a few nucleotides. In addition, the capsid proteins of the vesiviruses have a leader sequence that is proteolytically cleaved during maturation (Matsuura et al, 2000;Sosnovtsev et al, 1998). In all the genera, the 3′ terminal ORF, ORF2 for the sapoviruses and lagoviruses and ORF3 for the noroviruses and vesiviruses, overlap with the capsid gene (reviewed by Green et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of the unclassified bovine enteric virus Newbury agent-1 (Newbury1) endorses a new genus in the family Caliciviridae

et al. 2006

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The pathogenic bovine enteric virus, Newbury agent-1 (Bo//Newbury1/1976/UK), first identified in 1976, was characterized as a possible calicivirus by morphology, buoyant density in CsCl and the presence of a single capsid protein but genomic sequence could not be obtained. In the present study, the complete genome sequence of Newbury1 was determined and classified Newbury1 in a new genus of the Caliciviridae. The Newbury1 genome, of 7454 nucleotides, had two predicted open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encoded the non-structural and contiguous capsid proteins. ORF2 encoded a basic protein characteristic of the family Caliciviridae. Compared to the 4 recognized Caliciviridae genera, Norovirus, Sapovirus, Lagovirus and Vesivirus, Newbury1 had less than 39% amino acid (47% nucleotide) identity in the complete 2C-helicase, 3C-protease, 3D-polymerase and capsid regions but had 89% to 98% amino acid (78% to 92% nucleotide) identity to the recently characterized NB virus in these regions. By phylogenetic analyses, Newbury1 and NB viruses formed a distinct clade independent of the 4 recognized genera. However, amino acid identities showed that Newbury1 and the NB virus were distinct polymerase types (90% amino acid identity), but their complete capsid proteins were almost identical (98% amino acid identity). Analyses of contemporary viruses showed that the two polymerase genotypes, Newbury1 and NB, were circulating in UK cattle and antibody to Newbury1-like viruses was common in cattle sera. The present study defined the existence of a new genus in the Caliciviridae that we propose be named Becovirus or Nabovirus to distinguish the new clade from bovine noroviruses.

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“…The sequence similarity in the cleavage sites of the capsid precursors of canine calicivirus and FCV may, in part, explain why the FCV proteinase was successful in processing the canine calicivirus protein (20). The E 157 /S 158 cleavage site of the capsid precursor of canine calicivirus has phenylalanine and arginine residues present at the P4 and P3 positions, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%